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Introduction

The Representation of Operational Terms and Graphics in Simulation Standards: Emerging Results and Issues William Riggs JHU/APL September 20, 2011. Introduction. Live-Virtual Constructive Architecture Roadmap Implementation (LVCAR-I) Project Common Data Storage Formats (CDSF): Nine Categories

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Introduction

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  1. The Representation of Operational Terms and Graphics in Simulation Standards: Emerging Results and Issues William RiggsJHU/APLSeptember 20, 2011

  2. Introduction • Live-Virtual Constructive Architecture Roadmap Implementation (LVCAR-I) Project • Common Data Storage Formats (CDSF): Nine Categories • Geospatial data • Manmade environmental features • Unit order of battle/force structure • Electronic order of battle/network • Platform/weapons performance and/or characteristics • Plans/scenarios • Behavior (including organizational and individual) • Logistics • Event results • This paper describes the relationship between syntax of C-BML, JC3IEDM, MSDL and its impact on plans and orders incorporated in the initialization process.

  3. Context: Relationship of Selected Data Models to C4I and Simulation Environments

  4. Simulation Context • From the CDSF perspective, composition of plans and orders prior to initialization of the simulation environment is the primary area of concern • 2009 Army Study “Army Initialization Tools and Processes Analysis Final Report” provides a useful description of the complexity and difficulty associated with initializing C4I and Simulation systems • Factors Driving the Initialization Problem • Changes in the Operations Process as the nature of contemporary war evolves, and C2 processes adapt to these changes • Evolving operational environments: Counterinsurgency, asymmetric conflict, “hybrid war” • Challenges intrinsic to the initialization of C4I systems and simulation environments in support of military exercises • Use of digital C4I systems continue to grow, down to the lowest tactical echelon. • Unique data representation requirements to support the differential needs of human and unmanned actors that utilize and execute plans and orders • Computer-generated forces going “live”

  5. Methodological Overview

  6. Classification of Terms Derived from CBML and C2LG Concepts • “Who” concepts: Permanent and temporary organizations that can be subject to orders and are responsible for their execution. • “What” concepts: Represent orderable actions. • “What” concepts: Represent the objects of ordered actions and the state changes resulting from the effects of such actions. • “Where” concepts: Spatially references including graphic symbols whose primitives are spatially referenced • “When” concepts: temporally references, or events that have a temporal reference (e.g. “Before Morning Nautical Twilight”). • “How” concepts: Represent implementation instructions associated with one or more actions. • “Why” concepts: Represent the rationale for ordered actions.

  7. Operation Terms – Sources and Distribution

  8. Operational Terms – Rough Order of Magnitude Classification

  9. J3CIEDM and C2LG – “Actions” • Both quantitative and qualitative analysis reveals high degree of congruence of JP 1-02 and FM 1-02 terms with action expressions found in JC3IEDM and C2LG and… • Also many of the same issues with respect to • Normalization • Complexity • Indirect Referencing

  10. Example: Normalization • Host Nation Support: (DOD) Civil and/or military assistance rendered by a nation to foreign forces within its territory during peacetime, crises or emergencies, or war based on agreements mutually concluded between nations. See also civil-military operations. See FM 3-07. (FM 1-02) • Subversive Political Action: "A planned series of activities designed to accomplish political objectives by influencing, dominating, or displacing individuals or groups who are so placed as to affect the decisions and actions of another government.“ (JP1-02) • JC3IEDM action-event-category-code “The specific value that represents the general class or nature of activity prescribed by an ACTION-EVENT” • Providing host nation support (See above definition) • Political execution: A putting to death of a person or group of persons for political reasons. (No directly equivalent term in either JP 1-02 or FM 1-02)

  11. Example: Complexity • Wave: a formation of forces, including ships, craft, amphibious vehicles or aircraft, required to beach or land about the same time. Waves can be classified by function: scheduled, on-call, or non-scheduled. Waves can also be classified by type of craft, e.g., assault, helicopter, or landing craft. (JP1-02) • JC3IEDM: No direct reference to a wave (e.g. as a task-formation-type-category-code attribute of the TASK-FORMATION-TYPE entity. • However the JC3IEDM ACTION-TASK: action-task-timing-hour-code attribute contains this definition for the “H” value (as in H-Hour): • (2) In amphibious operations, the time at which the first waterborne wave of an amphibious assault lands on a beach.

  12. Example: Indirect Reference • (1) Orbit Point: A geographically or electronically defined location used in stationing aircraft in flight during tactical operations when a predetermined pattern is not established. See also holding point." (JP1—02) • JC3IEDM Representation: CONTROL-FEATURE-TYPE: control-feature-type-category-code: orbit point • (2) Patrol Base: The point of origin of a patrol where all equipment not required for the patrol is left. All supplies necessary for resupplying the patrol and additional medical supplies and assistance are staged at this location. (FM 7-7) (FM 1-02 ) • JC3IEDM Representation: • TASK-FORMATION-TYPE: task-formation-type-category-code: patrol • Definition: A TASK-FORMATION-TYPE that is a detachment of ground, sea, or air forces sent out for the purpose of gathering information or carrying out a destructive, harassing, mopping-up, or security mission. • FACILITY-TYPE facility-type-category-code: Military base/facility • Definition: A facility that is used as a military base.

  13. Uniform Joint Task List: Suggested Action Verbs

  14. Comparison of Task Nomenclature (Attack)

  15. Summary and Conclusion • Military natural language continues to evolve at a rapid pace • OOTW and COIN offer significant challenges • Future operating environments are complex and highly uncertain • Both simulation standards (e.g. C-BML, MSDL) and C4I data models (JC3IEDM) are pressed to keep up with this evolution • Inadequacies in existing data models and standards impact both simulation environments and C4I systems during exercise initialization • SISO Product Development Groups (e.g. C-BML, MSDL) should consider: • Acceleration of work schedules • Tighter integration of data models • Additional venues for collaboration

  16. Questions and Feedback

  17. Backup Slides

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