Infectious Disease Control

1. Infectious Disease Control Snohomish County Training Officers

2. Defining Infectious Disease • Types of Infectious Disease • Prevention • Prevalence in Our Community • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Decontamination Main Points

3. Infectious Disease: • Disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. • Mayo Clinic • Infection Control: • Policies and procedures used to minimize the risk of spreading infections, especially in hospitals and human health care facilities. • Nosocomial Infection: • Infection acquired in a healthcare setting (Hospital) What is an Infectious Disease

4. Direct Transmission: • Occurs when microorganisms are transferred from one infected person to another person without a contaminated intermediate object or person. (CDC) • Direct Contact/Skin to Skin • Droplet/Respiratory Droplet • Indirect Transmission: • The transfer of an infectious agent through a contaminated intermediate object or person. • Accidental Needle Stick • Contact with Contaminated Material • Airborne Routes of Infection

5. Inhalation • Ingestion • Injection • Absorption Routes of Entry

6. Bacterial • Viral • Fungal • Parasitic Types of Infectious Disease

7. A collection of unicellular microorganisms within the body that have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus causing an infection. Bacteria

8. Tuberculosis (TB) • Bacterial Meningitis • Streptococcus (Strep Throat) • Pneumonia • Pertussis (Whooping Cough) • Lyme Disease • Staphylococcus aureus • Clostridium difficile (C-Diff) • Escherichia coli (E.coli) Types of Bacterial Infections

9. Spread through the air Not spread through touch HIV Pt’s most at risk to contract TB Video: https://youtu.be/9112brXCOVc • Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily attack the lungs Tuberculosis (TB)

10. Very contagious and can be spread through the air or by contact. Can be fatal in a few hours May cause brain damage 4,100 cases/year in US and 500 deaths • Inflammation of the meninges caused bacterial infection • Leading bacterial cause is Streptococcus Bacterial Meningitis

11. Commonly found in nasal passages Spread by contact (skin to skin) with the bacteria Photos: https://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/community/photos/index.html • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics including methicillin MRSA

12. Spread through the direct contact with respiratory secretions Can lead to more severe illnesses like meningitis and sepsis • Simply put, its an infection of the lungs • Commonly caused by pneumococcus bacteria Pneumonia

13. A microorganism that is smaller than a bacterium without a nucleus that cannot grow or reproduce apart from a living cell Viral Infections

14. Influenza • Norovirus • HIV • Hepatitis • Croup • Meningitis • Pneumonia • Small Pox • Zika Virus Types of Viral Infections

15. Transmitted by respiratory droplets when coughing/sneezing/talking Can be transmitted to a person 6ft away Carrier is contagious from 1 day before symptoms to 5-7 days after becoming sick • A highly contagious viral respiratory infection causing a variety of symptoms such as a fever and respiratory symptoms Influenza

16. Transmitted through fecal-oral route Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, body aches Contagious from when symptoms start to days after symptoms resolve • A highly contagious illness caused by infection with a virus called norovirus. It is often called by other names, such as viral gastroenteritis, stomach flu, and food poisoning • https://youtu.be/Ey_OV_-pBeo Norovirus

17. Can be spread through the air or skin to skin contact Characterized by barking cough, fever, and runny nose • Viral croup is the most common type and is caused by viruses, such as adenoviruses (cold viruses) and influenza (flu) viruses causing inflammation of the upper respiratory tract (most common is human parainfluenza HPIV-80%) Croup (HPIV)

18. Various transmission routes depending on type Can lead to liver failure. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/index.htm • A disease characterized by inflammation of the liver found in 5 types; A, B, C, D and E Hepatitis

19. Fungal Infection Parasitic Infection Malaria. Giardiases Lice Crabs Pneumonia • Candidiasis • C. neoformans • Ringworm • C. gattii • Pneumonia Fungal and Parasitic Infections

20. WASH HANDS!!!!!!! • Be cognizant of where your putting your hands and what might have been there (Rig checks??) • Wear gloves • Use appropriate PPE when necessary (respiratory and eye protection) • Proper disposal of Bio-Hazard materials • Properly handle and dispose of sharps • To the EMT’s, keep an eye on paramedics and needles and be careful where you put your hands • If you suspect the patient has an infectious disease then notify the receiving hospital prior to arrival • Proper decontamination of tools and supplies • WASH HANDS!!!!!!! Prevention

21. What’s been there before

22. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

23. Nitrile Gloves

24. Protective Eyewear (Eye-Pro)

25. Gown

26. Boot Covers

27. Mask

28. Inspect and don PPE prior to entry into contaminated area • Donning PPE Sequence: MEGG • Mask • Eyes • Gown • Gloves Donning PPE Technique

29. Remove PPE once you have left the patient/contaminated area and be careful not to contaminate yourself or others during the doffing process • To Doff PPE just reverse the donning sequence:GGEM • Gloves • Gown- Wash Hands • Eyes • Mask- Wash Hands • Then decontaminate all equipment that could have been contaminated like: stretcher, stethoscope, EKG leads, BP cuff, etc. Doffing PPE Technique

30. What is a significant exposure? • When there is an “exposure incident” with the possibility/probability of a “disease transmission”. • "Disease Transmission" means the process that includes a sufficient quantity of an infectious agent, such as a virus or bacteria; a mode of transmission, such as blood for HBV and HIV or airborne droplets for tuberculosis; a portal of entry, such as a needle stick injury, abraded skin, or mucous membrane contact; and a susceptible host. • "Exposure Incident" means a specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee's duties. Significant Exposure

31. WASH THE AREA!!! With soap and warm water • Report exposure IMMEDIATELY to your supervisor • Follow instructions given by supervisor • Refer to SCFD#4 Infectious Disease Airborne/Bloodborne Policy 801 found on the Shared Drive What to do after Exposure

32. Washing your hands is the best way to prevent the transmission of diseases • Don/Doff and Wear proper PPE when caring for a patient • Wear gloves when decontaminating and disinfecting equipment (Rig checks?) • With respiratory infectious disease, put a mask on the patient (if tolerated) • It is always safest to err on the side of caution when dealing with infectious diseases. Good to Know

34. Flu vaccine and why its important • https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/vaccineeffect.htm • Hand Washing • http://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2013/eww-only-5-percent-wash-hands-correctly/ • Antibacterial Soap • http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm378393.htm • Hep C Cure • http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm405642.htm Further Information

35. References: Mayo Clinic Medical Dictionary Snohomish County EMS CDC WA Department of Health SCFD#4