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SOILS OF EUROPE AND SIBERIA

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SOILS OF EUROPE AND SIBERIA

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    1. SOILS OF EUROPE AND SIBERIA Taylor Mills Mario Guzman Jen Morse

    2. Soil Distribution

    3. Spodosols of Scandinavia Average temperature: -5 to -1 C in winter, 4 to 22 C in summer Average rain fall: 1-2 ft not excessive but mild temps keep evapotransport low and soil moist high Parent rock: Granitic, quartz is major component and si is major component of quartz Spodic horizon is product of leaching of all minerals except Silica Albic Horizon is product of physical mixing of organic matter into spodic Talk about histosols being marshy and basin area maybe causes this Introduce Marion with Gelisols Steila, Donald. (1989). The Geography of Soils: Formation, Distribution, and Management. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. Average temperature: -5 to -1 C in winter, 4 to 22 C in summer Average rain fall: 1-2 ft not excessive but mild temps keep evapotransport low and soil moist high Parent rock: Granitic, quartz is major component and si is major component of quartz Spodic horizon is product of leaching of all minerals except Silica Albic Horizon is product of physical mixing of organic matter into spodic Talk about histosols being marshy and basin area maybe causes this Introduce Marion with Gelisols Steila, Donald. (1989). The Geography of Soils: Formation, Distribution, and Management. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.

    4. Spodosols of Scandinavia Average temperature: -5 to -1 C in winter, 4 to 22 C in summer Average rain fall: 1-2 ft Parent rock: Granitic, quartz is major component and Si is major component of quartz

    5. Siberian Soil Types

    6. Map of Siberia

    7. Soil Types Western Siberia-gray soils forest steppe belt is podzolized. B/n taiga and forest steppe is solodized. Characteristic of Ob River differing texture, Novosibirsk region Central Mountain Podzolic soils upper and central taiga subzones of the transbaikal region. North is tundra soils and south is sod soils. Eastern Siberia- Tundra soil Pole of Cold (-70 degree C) Magadan, Koyla River - characterized by peat and marshy surface due to suppression of microflora. Ao horizons p.39 Permafrost Boundary b/n permafrost taiga soils and permafrost podzolic soils. Difference in type of parent material p.41

    8. Permafrost - Western Siberian Lowland Geographic location-climate and low relief Freeze thaw- accumulation of meltwater causes formation of swamps 200mm of rainfall in summer months upper layer of soil thaws to a depth of 1 0r 2 meters or 3.3 to 6.6 ft. formation to swamps and lakes- rugged terrain contribute to lack of development

    9. Central and East genesis Central- Mountain Podzolic soils upper and central taiga from transbaikal, depends on grain size and type of parent material ex. Volcanic ash vs. granite, location rate of weathering Tundra soil Pole of Cold (-70 degree C) Magadan, Koyla River - characterized by peat and marshy surface due to suppression of microflora. Ao horizons p.39 Permafrost Well Drained areas deeper thaw. Slope direction and topography, texture influence soil formation that are distinguishable genetic types with particular zones for example

    10. Mammoth from Northern Siberia

    11. Industrialization: Case Study Norilsk, Siberia Air pollution increase forest mortality Sulfur dioxide- main pollutant High concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Co, Ni) in the upper soil horizons (0-10) contamination.

    12. Siberian Soil Types

    13. Map of Siberia

    14. Soil Types Western Siberia-gray soils forest steppe belt is podzolized (good macrostructure-ventilation air &moisture regime used for plowland). B/n taiga and forest steppe is solodized (poor structure). Characteristic of Ob River differing texture, Novosibirsk region Central Mountain Podzolic soils upper and central taiga subzones of the transbaikal region. North is tundra soils and south is sod soils. Eastern Siberia- Tundra soil Pole of Cold (-70 degree C) Magadan, Koyla River - characterized by peat and marshy surface due to suppression of microflora. Ao horizons p.39 Permafrost Podzolic (Okhotsk Sea coast)- strong and deep freezing prolonged seasonal permafrost lead to overmoistening permafrost taiga soils (interior/Kolyma) prolonged seasonalk freezing, gleying cryogenic defromation passiveness of microflora and deep penetration of humus p.41

    15. Permafrost - Western Siberian Lowland Geographic location-climate and low relief Freeze thaw- accumulation of meltwater causes formation of swamps (hydromorphism) 200mm of rainfall in summer months upper layer of soil thaws to a depth of 1 0r 2 meters or 3.3 to 6.6 ft. formation to swamps and lakes- rugged terrain contribute to lack of development

    16. Central and East genesis Central- Mountain Podzolic soils upper and central taiga from transbaikal, depends on grain size and type of parent material ex. Volcanic ash vs. granite, location rate of weathering Tundra soil Pole of Cold (-70 degree C) Magadan, Koyla River - characterized by peat and marshy surface due to suppression of microflora. Ao horizons p.39 Permafrost Well Drained areas deeper thaw. Slope direction and topography, texture influence soil formation that are distinguishable genetic types with particular zones for example

    17. Mammoth from Northern Siberia

    18. Calciols:Calcic Inceptisol http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/projects/soil_atlas/pages/29.htmlhttp://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/projects/soil_atlas/pages/29.html

    19. Cambisol: Inceptisol

    20. Chernozem:Mollisol

    21. Anthrosol

    22. Human Impact And Sustainability

    23. References Gelisol information and profile provided by search.com (online encyclopedia) Gerasimov, I.P. The Distinctiveness of Siverias Genetic Soil Types. Institut Geografii Sibiri I Dalnego Vostoka Sibirskii Geograficheskii Sbornik, 2, p.7-27. 1963 Sokolova, T.A. Chemical and Mineralogical Composition of Mountain Podzolic Soil on Granite of Eastern Transbaikal, p. 1-34 1964. Atlas of the World p.33

    24. References Gelisol information and profile provided by search.com (online encyclopedia) Gerasimov, I.P. The Distinctiveness of Siverias Genetic Soil Types. Institut Geografii Sibiri I Dalnego Vostoka Sibirskii Geograficheskii Sbornik, 2, p.7-27. 1963 Sokolova, T.A. Chemical and Mineralogical Composition of Mountain Podzolic Soil on Granite of Eastern Transbaikal, p. 1-34 1964. Atlas of the World p.33 Steila, Donald. (1989). The Geography of Soils: Formation, Distribution, and Management. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.

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