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TOPIC 1: PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT

TOPIC 1: PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT. IB SL PHYSICS GARCIA GOHS. TOPIC 1.1: The Realm of Physics. Magnitude: Estimations of size, often using powers of ten. Useful when dealing with very large/small amounts Make comparisons to known amounts. Magnitude exercises.

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TOPIC 1: PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT

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  1. TOPIC 1: PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT IB SL PHYSICS GARCIA GOHS

  2. TOPIC 1.1: The Realm of Physics • Magnitude: • Estimations of size, often using powers of ten. • Useful when dealing with very large/small amounts • Make comparisons to known amounts

  3. Magnitude exercises • How high is a two-story house in meters? • Solution: • How high is the ceiling compared to you? • How tall are you? • Approx. height of room then multiply by two.

  4. 1.2 Measurement and Uncertainties • S.I. system of measurement • “Systeme International” • Fundamental: base units • Derived: two or more base units combined

  5. 1.2 Measurement and Uncertanties • Units • Metric system • Accuracy vs. Precision • Significant Figures in calculations

  6. Fundamental SI units

  7. Derived SI units

  8. Conversion Factors • Conversion Factor: ratio of equal units to convert from one unit to the other. • 4 quarters/1 dollar = 1; etc… • Factor Label Method: units used for mathematical conversion of measurements • 12 dollars (4 quarters/1 dollar) = ? • Answer = 48 quarters

  9. Converting Units • To convert units: • Measured Amount (Conversion Factor) = New Unit

  10. Metric Prefixes

  11. Using Metric Conversion Factors • When using the metric table for conversion factor remember: • The base unit gets the exponent (base unit is the unit without a prefix) • The prefix gets the number 1 • Example: • 9 m  ? mm • Chart says 10-3  milli- • Convert: 9 m (1 mm/10-3 m) = 9000 mm

  12. Uncertainty and Error • Accuracy: how close a measurement is to the accepted value. • Precision: is the degree of exactness of a measurement; consistency in measurement. • Uncertainty: the measure of confidence in a measurement. A lower uncertainty indicates greater confidence.

  13. Significant Figures (Sig Figs) Determining Sig Figs: Garcia paraphrase • All nonzero digits are significant • Zero is significant IF: • Between nonzero digits • Right of nonzero digits AND there’s a decimal in the number

  14. Sig Figs cont. Addition & Subtraction: • Keep the least accurate decimal place. Example: • 25.1 + 2.03 = 27.13 = 27.1 • 5400 + 365.5 = 5765.5 = 5766

  15. Sig Figs cont. Multiplication and Division • Keep the least significant figures Example: 3.05 g/8.470 mL = 0.36009445 g/mL = 0.360 g/mL • Conversion factors are not included for sig figs

  16. Scientific Notation • Used to represent large or small numbers • General form: M x 10n • 1 < M < 10 • n is an integer (+ or - whole number) • Example: • 602000000000000000000000 = 6.02 x 1023 • 0.00000000602 = 6.02 x 10-9

  17. Graphing • Practice to come later.

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