The Cardiovascular System

2. The Cardiovascular System • The cardiovascular system carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells. In addition, blood contains cells that fight disease.

3. Is a muscle about the size of your fist • Weighs approximately one pound • Is located behind and slightly to the left of the breastbone • Pumps about 5 quarts (4.7 liters) of blood every minute

4. The heartisa hollow, muscular organthatpumps bloodthroughout thebody. The rightsideofthe heartis completely separatedfrom theleft side bya wallof tissue calledtheseptum. • Each side has an upper chamber, or atrium, and a lower chamber, or ventricle.

5. As blood flows outof the heart andtoward thelungs, it passes through a valve like the one here.

6. Two Loops • Blood circulates through the body in two loops, with the heart atthe center. In the first loop, blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. • In the second loop, blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body and then returns to the heart.

7. Sequencing Pathway of Blood

8. Introduction to Cardiovascular System • Three Types of Blood Vessels –Arteries Carry blood away from heart –Veins Carry blood to heart –  Capillaries Networks between arteries and veins

9. Blood Vessels • The walls of arteries and veins have three layers. • The walls of capillaries are only one cell thick.

10. Artery and Vein • In this photo, you can compare the wall of an artery with the wall of a vein.

11. - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Comparing and Contrasting • Compare and contrast the three kinds of blood vessels by completing a table like the one below. Blood Vessel Function Structure of Wall Thick wall consisting of three cell layers with thick muscle in the middle layer Carries blood away from the heart Artery Exchange of materials between the blood and body cells Thin walls consisting of one cell layer Capillary Thick walls consisting of three cell layers with thin muscle in the middle layer Carries blood back to the heart Vein

13. Blood • Blood consists of liquid plasma and three kinds of cells—red blood cells, whiteblood cells, and platelets.

14. Formed Elements of Blood

15. Blood Types • The marker molecules on your red blood cells determine your blood type and the type of blood that you can safely receive in transfusions.

16. Blood Typing • Four Basic Blood Types • A (surface antigen A) • B (surface antigen B) • AB (antigens A and B) • O (neither A nor B)

17. Blood Types and Cross Reactions Blood Plasma Antibodies –  Type A Type B antibodies –Type B Type A antibodies –Type O Both A and B antibodies –  Type AB Neither A nor B antibodies

18. Blood Typing • The Rh Factor • Also called D antigen • Either Rh positive (Rh+) or Rh negative (Rh-) Only sensitized Rh- blood has anti-Rh antibodies

20. Blood Type Distribution The circle graph shows the percentage of each blood type found in the U.S. population. What does each edge of the graph represent? The percentage of each blood type found in the United States population Rank the four major blood types—A, B, AB, and O— from least common to most common. What is the percentage of each type? AB (4%), B (11%), A (40%), O (45%) According to the graph, what percentage of the population is Rh+? What percentage is Rh-? 84%; 16% What type of blood can someone who is B-(blood type B and Rh-) receive? What percentage of the population does that represent? O-or B- blood; 9% Use the data to make a table of the eight possible blood types. Include columns for the A, B, AB, and O blood types; Rh factor (positive or negative); and percentage of the population. The data should be arrangedin two columns and eight rows

21. Graphic Organizer Side of Heart Where Loop Starts Where Blood Flows to Where Blood Returns to Loop Right side Lungs Left atrium Loop One Left side Body Right atrium Loop Two

22. - Cardiovascular Health Asking Questions Cardiovascular Health Question Answer What are some cardiovascular diseases? Cardiovascular diseases include atherosclerosis and hypertension. Exercise regularly, eat a healthy diet, and avoid smoking. How can a person keep healthy?

24.  a condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty materials such as cholesterol

25. Blood Supply To The Heart 2 coronary arteries branch from the main aorta just above the aortic valve. No larger than drinking straws, they carry out about 130 gallons of blood through the heart muscle daily.

26. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Coronary artery disease is one of the most commonand serious effectsof aging. Fatty deposits build up in blood vessel walls and narrow the passageway for the movement of blood. The resulting condition, called atherosclerosis often leads to eventual blockage of the coronary arteries and “heart attack”.

28. Signs and Symptoms • None: This is referred to as silent ischemia. Blood to your heart may be restricted due to CAD, but you don’t feel the effects • Chest Pain: If your coronary arteries can’tsupply enough blood to meet the oxygen demands of your heart, the result may be chest pain called angina. • Shortness of breath: Some people may not be aware they have CAD until they develop symptoms of congestive heart failure- extreme fatigue with exertion, shortness of breath and swelling in their feet and ankles. • Heart attack: Results when an artery to your heart muscle becomes completely blocked and the party of your heart muscles fed by that artery dies.

31. Risk Factors • Uncontrollable • Sex • Heredity • Race • Age • Controllable • High Blood Pressure • High Blood Cholesterol • Smoking • Physical Activity • Obesity • Diabetes • Stress and anger