Calibration Status for Current Instruments and Plans for Future Instruments: AVHRR, Landsat, MODIS, VIIRS, APS, ABI

1. Calibration Status for Current Instruments and Plans for Future Instruments: AVHRR, Landsat, MODIS, VIIRS, APS, ABI B. Guenther1 and Brian Markham2 1 University of Maryland, Baltimore County Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center [bruce.guenther@gsfc.nasa.gov] 2 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 614.4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 ASIC3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

2. AVHRR • Climate Applications • Vegetation Indices • ISCCP (cloud) products • Primary Calibration Strategy • Prelaunch • Vicarious on-orbit ASIC3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

3. Landsat MSSLandsat-1 1972-1978; Landsat-2 1975-1982; Landsat-3 1978-1983; Landsat-4 1982-1992; Landsat-5 1984-1992 Climate Applications • Regional land cover land use change & carbon consequences • Regional biomass change & carbon consequences Primary Calibration Strategy Internal lamps on scene-by-scene basis 4 VNIR Bands - 80 meters 185 km swath 18 day repeat cycle (Landsat 1-3) 16 day repeat cycle (Landsat 4-5) 0850-0945 equatorial crossing ASIC3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

4. Landsat TM/ETM+ Landsat-4 TM (1982-3; 1987-1993), Landsat-5 TM (1984->), Landsat-7 ETM+ (1999->)* Climate Applications • Regional land cover land use change & carbon consequences • Regional biomass change & carbon consequences Primary Calibration Strategy • L4/L5 TM Initial: Internal lamps on scene-by-scene basis Current L5 TM : Reconstructed history based on lamps, vicarious, outgassing model and ETM+ Xcal 5/2003 -> • L7 ETM+ Pre-launch calibration; monitored by on-board lamps, diffuser and vicarious calibration 4 VNIR; 2 SWIR bands -- 30 m 1 Panchromatic - (ETM+) -- 15 m {1 TIR -- 60 m (ETM+); 120 m (TM) } 0945-1000 equatorial crossing 185 km swath; 16-day repeat L7- seasonal global “cloud-free” coverage ASIC3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites * SLC failure May 2003

5. LDCM Sensor(s)* Climate Applications • Regional land cover land use change & carbon consequences • Regional biomass change & carbon consequences Primary Calibration Strategy • Internal Lamps • Lunar views • Solar diffuser * Based on draft documents on LDCM website 5/06, subject to change 5 VNIR bands - 30 m 3 SWIR bands including cirrus detection band - 30 m 1 Panchromatic band - 15 m {Possible thermal band option} ASIC3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

6. Landsat Climate Change Applications Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) • North Americans forest disturbance and surface reflectance mapping using Landsat datafor North American Carbon Program • http://ledaps.nascom.nasa.gov/ledaps/ledaps_NorthAmerica.html Land Cover Land Use Change (LCLUC) studies • Forest Biomass and Land-Use Change in Central Africa: Reducing Regional Carbon Cycle Uncertainty • Comparative Studies on Carbon Dynamics in Disturbed Forest Ecosystems: Eastern Russia and Northeastern China • http://lcluc.umd.edu Statewide Landcover and Trees Study (SLATS): • Monitoring land cover change and greenhouse gas emissions in Queensland, AU • http://www.nrm.qld.gov.au/slats/index.html National Carbon Accounting System (NCAS) • comprehensive picture of land cover change over the Australian continent for the past 30 years using Landsat data. • http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/ncas/activities/landcover.html ASIC3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

7. Landsat-7 ETM+ VIS/NIR Calibration Strategy Calibration Working Group • NASA • USGS • 2 University Vicarious Calibration Teams • {2 thermal band vicarious calibration teams} • Twice Yearly meetings Radiometric Calibration Hardware • Internal lamps --every scan • Primary - 99.9% of scenes • Secondary - 0.1% of scenes • Solar diffuser - Full Aperture Solar Calibrator - monthly • Partial Aperture Solar Calibrator-daily ASIC3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

8. MODIS • Climate Applications • Advances CZCS and AVHRR • nLw, Chlor_a, aerosols, clouds, H2O vapor, vegetation indices, snow/ice, land cover/dynamics • Primary Calibration Strategy • Full aperture Solar Diffuser with SDSM • Spectro-radiometric calibration assembly for spatial and spectral partial aperture characterization • Lunar • Vicarious techniques ASIC3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

9. VIIRS for NPOESS • Climate Applications • Build on MODIS data set heritage • Primary Calibration Strategy • Spectralon Solar Diffuser (100% Earthshine rejection) • Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor (8 bands) • Lunar observations ASIC3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

10. Aerosol Polarimeter SensorShown is the RSP Climate Applications Primary Calibration Strategy On-orbit calibration approaches Data Heritage Research Scanning Polarimeter, POLDER, MODIS, Sun Photometer network[EOSP] Coverage Polarimetry and radiometry between 400 and 2300 nm Along track scanning, narrow swath A-train position • APS Science Requirements • Aerosol refractive index, single scattering albedo, and shape • Aerosol optical thickness • Aerosol particle size ASIC3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites

11. Advanced Baseline Imager for GOES-R • Climate Applications • Aerosols, vegetation, clouds (& thin cirrus), fire/burn scar detection, snow/ice • Primary Calibration Strategy • On-orbit, sun-activated target • Proposed special target, Swales development (Bremmer) 6 Spectral Bands, resolution of 0.5 to 2 km Full disk or CONUS in 5 min, 30 s mesoscale images ASIC3 conference/Cal Status Vis/NIR Current and Future Satellites