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Publication of Proceedings: Journal Format Review Talks 8pp Invited Talks 5pp

Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005. First - A Reminder. Publication of Proceedings: Journal Format Review Talks 8pp Invited Talks 5pp Contributed Talks 3pp Poster Talks 1p Instructions and Latex Templates will be available from Conference website

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Publication of Proceedings: Journal Format Review Talks 8pp Invited Talks 5pp

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  1. Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005 First - A Reminder Publication of Proceedings: Journal Format Review Talks 8pp Invited Talks 5pp Contributed Talks 3pp Poster Talks 1p Instructions and Latex Templates will be available from Conference website Due Date: 30 Nov, 2005

  2. Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, China 14-21 August, 2005 Workshop Summary: Questions & Discussion 15 Review, 35 Invited, 5 Contributed, 12 Poster Talks 2 Days - Nearby universe 2 Days - Distant Universe The first Workshop to focus of “Extreme” Starbursts

  3. Rob Kennicutt - opening review • NGC 7714: “star-burst nucleus” • Weedman et al. 1981, ApJ, 248, 105 • compact burst: ~10 Mo/yr, R<<1 kpc • IRAS, HST… • infrared-luminous, ultraluminous galaxies • SFRs ~ 10-1000 Mo/yr, R = 0.1-1 kpc • uniquely identified with gas-rich galaxy mergers • ISO • Infrared spectra show decisively that LIRGs, ULIRGs are powered by combination of starbursts, AGNs • Spitzer, GALEX, SCUBA • Full spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of starbursts • cosmic evolution of starbursts • “unification” of IR-selected vs UV-selected primeval galaxies

  4. Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, China 14-21 August, 2005 …, but what is “extreme” … Original definition focused on “high” and “compact” but why not “low”, “extended”, etc.

  5. The Starburst Bestiary…. Rob Kennicutt - opening review nuclear starbursts circumnuclear starbursts clumpy irregular galaxies Ly-a galaxies E+A galaxies K+A galaxies LBGs DRGs EROs SCUBA galaxies GEHRs SSCs HII galaxies ELGs CNELGs W-R galaxies BCGs BCDs LIGs, LIRGs ULIGs, ULIRGs LUVGs, UVLGs All of these objects were mentioned at some point during this meeting.

  6. Rob Kennicutt - opening review Concentration vs. Total SFR for a variety of galaxy types. SCUBA sources BCDs LBGs

  7. Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005 Questions for Discussion: The Definition of Extreme Starbursts (ES) Which are the most robust measures of ES Have >50% of stars formed in ES How closely coupled are ES and MBH growth Will Spitzer answer the above ? - what new observations/missions will be required ? 6. Agree on next meeting ….

  8. Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005 Questions for Discussion: The Definition of Extreme Starbursts (ES) The meeting organizers originally assumed we were talking about objects with … Lir > 1011 Lsun in d < 100pc and/or global SFR > 200 Msun/yr Should we relax the above a bit to include, for example, any region within a galaxy where the star-formation Surface density sfr > 10 Msun/yr/kpc2 ??

  9. Log (LIR/Lsun) = 11.01 Int. Class = 3 The Antennae galaxy pair was discussed often at this meeting, It has a prominent off-nuclear region of bright IR emission powered by a large population of deeply embedded young star clusters. But is this off-nuclear IR region really powerful enough, by our definition, to be an ES region ? Gao et al. Mirabel et al. Hibbard et al. Ponman et al.

  10. UGC 83038 = Mrk 231 Log (LIR/Lsun) = 12..53 Int. Class = 4 Scoville et al. Surace et al Sanders et al. Hutchings & Neff Mrk231 clearly meets the definition of an ES, as do all ULIGs. However, the nuclear power source in this object is clearly a mixture of ES AND a powerful AGN.

  11. Nuclear Molecular Gas Concentrations @ r < 700 pcGeneral Results for ULIGs • Mnuc/Mtot = 40 – 100 % • Mnuc = 1 – 3 x 1010Msun •   (H2) ~ 0.65 – 2 x 1010Msun •  n (H2)spherical ~ 130 – 400 cm-3 • => ffnuc ~ 1 (for a population of W3-like GMCs) •  N (H2)spherical~ 10 23.2 – 23.7 cm-2 OVRO Interferometer Bryant, Scoville et al. 1993-9 The large column densities of gas and dust in the circumnuclear regions of ALL ULIGs implies that any source of luminosity, whether it be an ES or a powerful AGN, will very likely be heavily obscured; We will need to develop better diagnostic measures to separate the two.

  12. Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005 Questions for Discussion: 2. Which are the most robust measures of ES Some of the measures used/discussed at this meeting: 1. SED Templates ? 2. Optical / IR Spectra ? 3. FIR + molecular gas luminosities and/or ratios?

  13. Radio-to-UV SEDs of IRAS Selected Galaxies 638 Galaxies: f((60m) > 5 Jy 118 ULIGs: f((60m) > 1 Jy “Infrared Galaxies”  (f)IR / (f)opt > 1

  14. Summary Optical Spectral Classification of LIGs+ULIGs Veilleux, Kim & Sanders (1998) KPNO 4m + UH 2.2m

  15. LIR/LHCN LHCN LCO LIR/LCO

  16. Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005 Questions for Discussion: 3. Have >50% of stars formed in ES Based upon the extremely strong evolution already seen in the most luminous 170m sources detected in ISOPHOT deep fields, AND in the most luminous 24m sources detected in the CDFS …. The answer seems to be … YES …

  17. High-luminosity 170m sources detected in ISOPHOT deep fields suggest that the high-luminosity tail of the galaxy luminosity function evolves strongly with redshift -- by ~x1000 at log(Lir/Lsun)~12.5. Assuming little or no evolution in the low-luminosity LF, galaxies with log(Lir/Lsun) > 11.0 may produce the bulk of the luminosity in the Universe at z =1.5-3 !! Galaxy Luminosity Functions slope= -1 Z ~2.4 Z=0.80 Z=0.40 Z=0.13 Z=0.045

  18. The “Star Formation Rate” versus Redshift

  19. Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005 Questions for Discussion: 4. How closely coupled are ES and MBH growth • Many AGN show signs of strong nuclear starbursts • Many starbursts show signs of strong AGN • Both seem to be most strongly coupled/manifested in ULIGs

  20. NIR-AO Imaging of a Complete Sample of 38 PGQSOs Olivier Guyon, PhD Thesis, 2002 Raw (H-band) -psf - <radial profile> The SEDs of Optical QSO exhibit a moderately strong “IR-bump” In addition to the well-known optical/UV “big blue bump”. The IR Bump plausibly represents reprocessed QSO emission via dust reradiation In a circumnuclear dust torus and/or disk + absorption and reradiation of Emission from young stars formed in the disk. AO images of QSOs now clearly show that many (perhaps the majority !) of QSOs contain prominent disk components, and mm-observations indicate the presence of large quantities of gas and dust. Gemini-N 8m

  21. Warped Disk ModelSanders, Phinney et al. (1989)

  22. “SFR + MBH” versus Redshift

  23. Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005 Questions for Discussion: 5. Will Spitzer answer the above ? - what new observations/missions will be required ?

  24. NGC 4594 8 mm Rob Kennicutt - Spitzer/SINGS Spitzer revels gas/dust structure not seen in the optical -- but will the resolution be sufficient to proble the compact ES regions in, e.g., ULIGs ??

  25. Rob Kennicutt - Spitzer/SINGS Spitzer/IRS is producing high S/N spectra in the mid-IR, but will the lack of far-IR coverage compromise our ability to fully probe the energetics of ES ??

  26. Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005 Questions for Discussion: 6. Agree on next meeting location …. “Level 1” Requirement: Must have Yaks

  27. Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005 RECAP: Questions for Discussion: The Definition of Extreme Starbursts (ES) Which are the most robust measures of ES Have >50% of stars formed in ES How closely coupled are ES and MBH growth Will Spitzer answer the above ? - what new observations/missions will be required ? 6. Agree on next meeting ….

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