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Timeline of The Rise of The Mongols

Timeline of The Rise of The Mongols. 1194. Jin Empire of northern China suffers from major famine after the Yellow River Changes course. c.1200. Abbasid Caliphate suffer from conflict between Shi’ite and Sunni

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Timeline of The Rise of The Mongols

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  1. Timeline of The Rise of The Mongols

  2. 1194 • Jin Empire of northern China suffers from major famine after the Yellow River Changes course

  3. c.1200 • Abbasid Caliphate suffer from conflict between Shi’ite and Sunni • Rest of Muslim world struggling with internal conflict, including the Seljuk Turks

  4. 1203-c.1227 CE • Temuchin a Chief of Mongol Tribe • Temuchin fathers four sons Genghis Khan Jochi Jagadai Ogodei Tolui Batu Guyuk Mongke Khubilai Hulegu

  5. 1203 CE • After distinguishing himself in a battle to regain his stolen wife and Temuchin was named the Genghis Khan or Universal Ruler

  6. 1209 CE • Genghis begins his conquests by attacking the Tanggut Empire, a Buddhist nation in northwest China, bordering Tibet

  7. 1211-1215 CE • Attacked the Jin

  8. 1216 CE • Attacked Manchuria

  9. 1218 • Attacked Korea

  10. 1218 • Took Kara-Khitai

  11. 1219-1221 • Attacked Khorezim, Christians and Muslims

  12. 1223 • Suppress revolts by the Jin and Tanguts

  13. 1227 • Genghis Khan Died

  14. 1227 • Empire divided among heirs

  15. Jochi’s son Bantu got Russia • Golden Horde • Jagadai got central Asia • Empire of Jagadai • Ogodei got Chinese Turkestan and the title Grand Khan • Tolui got the homeland

  16. 1229 • Ogodei officially gets title Great Khan and renews war against Jin with the help of the Song and Tolui

  17. 1233 • Jin totally defeated and Northern China under the control of the Mongols

  18. 1235 • Ogodei declares war on the Song

  19. 1237 • Batu takes Moscow and Kiev in Russia

  20. 1241 • Mongols (Golden Horde) reached the borders of the Holy Roman Empire

  21. 1241 • Death of Ogodei, the Great Khan

  22. 1246 • Guyuk, Ogodei’s son becomes Khan after his fathers death

  23. 1255 • Middle East Falls to the Mongols

  24. 1258 • Mongols of the il-khan Kill the Caliph

  25. 1260 • Khubilai becomes Great Khan (5th) • Civil War

  26. 1260 • Kubilai Khan names Peking the Capital of Empire of the Great Khan

  27. 1260 • Mamluk defeat the Mongol invasion of Egypt with help from the Golden Horde • Hulegu named il-khan by Kubilai

  28. 1259 • Mongols take the Kingdom of Tali in Northern China causing a major migration to Thailand

  29. 1265 • Kubilai began an extended and campaign in southeast Asia

  30. 1271 • Kubilai takes the Dynastic name Yuan

  31. c. 1279 • Mongols of China convert to Buddhism

  32. 1279 • China falls to the Mongols

  33. c.1280 • Kubilai demanded tribute from Ceylon and Malabar Coast

  34. 1292 • Kubilai demanded tribute from Java, failed

  35. Outcome • Yuan Dynasty in China • IL-Khanate in Persia • Golden Horde in Russia • Khanate of Jagadai in Central Asia

  36. Global Consequences of the Mongols: Trade increased: silk, porcelain, regulated and safe Increased Communication: individuals traveled across continents, ideas about passports, coal mining, movable type, metallurgy, math, gunpowder, bronze, pharmacology… spread Disease Spread: Plague, Typhus, Influenza, & Smallpox

  37. The IL Khan: Killed last Caliph: weakened Muslim unity Cultural Conflict: Mongol consumption of blood, leaders of IL Khan non-Muslim Inter-Mongol Conflict: Warfare between Golden Horde and IL Khan over religion and territory, involved Christian Crusaders and Mamluks in conflict, ended when new Khan became Muslim Tax Farming: Sold tax collecting rights to private investors, caused economic decline, gov then had trouble supplying troops, took land to do this, this was non-taxable so again tax revenue declined Economic Failure: high taxes led to intro of paper money, did not work, lead to rebellion Overthrow: Timur, a new Central Asian Invader took over, Turkic but used Mongol Army Cultural Flowering: scholars & artist from China, Central Asia, and Middle East meet in Baghdad, Timur actually forcibly relocated scholars to Baghdad, Results: a world history, miniature paintings, algebra, trigonometry, astronomy influenced Europeans like Copernicus, calendars, predicting eclipses, improved Astrolabes,

  38. Golden Horde: Trade: Benefited south more Orthodox Church Cemented: Mongols used church to re-enforce power, helped church Northern Migration: Russian Princes of North Gained Privilege, Moscow and Novogrod’s power increased, Kiev decreased, Princes of Moscow became Tsars Economy: High taxes collected by Russian princes drained gold and silver Mongols introduced paper money, little affect b/c Russia had a barter ecomony Isolation: Mongol domination cut Russia off from Europe and may has slowed development Centralization nearby: Mongol pressure increased Gov power in Ottoman Empire, Lithuania, and Serbia

  39. Yuan China: Economic Decline: tax farming, paper money, Chinafication: Mongols adopted much Chinese tradition, Confucianism made strong, Mandarin Lama Buddhism: Mongols adopt Buddhism of Tibet Beijing: became capital, built forbidden city, Unification: finally unify China into what it is today, worked to break down cultural differences Social Class: Mongols on top, Central Asians and Middle Easterns ran gov, then northern Chinese, southern Chinese at bottom, Chinese became merchants and formed a new Gentry class, Corporations formed, Urbanization resulted Medical improvements: blended Chinese with Greek and Middle Eastern

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