Fifty Years of WAC: Where have we been? Where are we going?

1. Fifty Years of WAC Where have we been? Where are we going?

2. Session G.17 This session was sponsored by the Writing Across the Curriculum Standing Group. To reduce file size, videos are housed on YouTube. Please click on the videos to view them. Please note that many of the slides are annotated. These notes do not show in full-screen mode unless you view the presentation in presenter mode.

3. Welcome & Introductions Jeffrey R. Galin (Chair), Florida Atlantic University Elaine Maimon, Governors State University Joan Mullin, University of North Carolina Charlotte   Mike Palmquist, Colorado State University Rich Rice, Texas Tech  Alisa Russell, University of Kansas David R. Russell (Respondent), Iowa State University Pam Childers (Respondent), The McCallie School

4. Land Acknowledgment We recognize and acknowledge the indigenous people of this land: the Lenni Lenape, Shawnee, and Hodinöhšönih (hoe-den-ah-show-nee) — the six Nations, that is, the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, Cayuga and Tuscarora. We are gathered today on Jö:deogë’ (joan-day-o-gan’t), an Onödowa’ga (ono-do-wah-gah) or Seneca word for Pittsburgh or “between two rivers”: the welhikhane (well-ick hah-neh) and Mënaonkihëla (men-aw-n-gee-ah-luh). These are the Lenape words for the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, which translate to the “best flowing river of the hills” and “where the banks cave in and erode.” While a land acknowledgment is not enough, it is an important social justice and decolonial practice that promotes indigenous visibility and a reminder that we are on settled indigenous land. Let this land acknowledgment be an opening for all of us to contemplate a way to join in decolonial and indigenous movements for sovereignty and self-determination. We offer our thanks to Melissa Borgia-Askey and Sandy Gajehsoh Dowdy for their etymological and pronunciation help. Also, we thank Andrea Riley Mukavetz and the American Indian Caucus for their help with this land acknowledgment.

5. Celebrating 50 Years of WAC Learn more at https://iwac.colostate.edu.

6. The First WAC Workshop: 1970 1970: Perennial complaints from colleagues across the disciplines combine with a Milton seminar that fails to “make” lead Barbara Walvoord to create the first WAC Workshop at Central College in Iowa Speaker: Barbara Walvoord

7. A Foundation for WAC • 1915-1920: The Long Report and Other Collaborations Across the Disciplines • The Cooperation Movement • Post World War II: The Communications Movement and the Founding of CCCC

8. A Foundation for WAC • Language Across the Curriculum • The Dartmouth Conference

9. The WAC Movement Grew Quickly 1974: Harriet Sheridan establishes the first writing fellows program at Carleton College Speaker: Carol Rutz

10. Johnny Can’t Write?

11. WAC at Beaver College: 1977-‘80

12. WAC, K-12, & the National Writing Project 1978: Chris Thaiss discusses the role his work with the National Writing Project—and K-12 more generally—played in his work with WAC. Speaker: Chris Thaiss

13. WAC at Michigan Tech 1978: Art Young discusses the work he and his colleagues carried out in the late 1970s and early 1980s at Michigan Technological University Speaker: Art Young

14. National Seminars on WAC National Endowment for the Humanities. A national dissemination program for writing in the humanities: Summer institutes in the teaching of writing. Beaver College, September 1980-August 1983.

15. National Seminars on WAC National Endowment for the Humanities National Board of Consultants sends consultants across the nation to develop WAC programs (e.g., El Centro Community College, Pacific Lutheran University) leading to the Pacific Northwest Consortium

16. Rank and Gender Issues 1981: Sue McLeod had taken a WAC workshop with Chris Thaiss in 1979. In this clip, she reflects on the challenges of working on WAC as an adjunct faculty member and a faculty spouse. Not long after, she took a tenure-line position at Washington State University and became one of the leaders of the WAC movement. Sue’s experiences as an adjunct faculty member were not unique. Speaker: Susan H. McLeod

17. The (Inter)National WAC Network 1981: Chris Thaiss discusses the origins of the National Network of Writing Across the Curriculum Programs (later the International Network). Speaker: Chris Thaiss

18. Writing and Thinking • Late 1980s through the 1990s University of Chicago Conferences in Writing and Thinking • Carol Schneider, later the long-time president of the Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U), organized a decade of conferences on Writing and Thinking--featuring Wayne Booth, Joe Williams, and Elaine Maimon. Teams attended from all over the nation to learn WAC principles.

19. Key Publications

20. Resistance Related To . . . Late 1980s: Mike Palmquist discusses the rise of resistance to WAC efforts. Speaker: Mike Palmquist

21. Scholarship on Resistance to WAC Couch, Ruth. (1989). Dealing with objections to writing across the curriculum. Teaching English in the Two-Year College 16(3), 193-196. Kaufer, David, & Young, Richard. (1993). Writing in the content areas: Some theoretical complexities. In Lee Odell (Ed.), Theory and practice in the teaching of writing: Rethinking the discipline. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. McLeod, Susan H. (1989). Writing across the curriculum: The second stage, and beyond. College Composition and Communication40(3), 337-343. Soven, Margaret. (1992). Conclusion: Sustaining writing across the curriculum programs. In Susan H. McLeod & Margot Soven (Eds.), Writing across the curriculum: A guide to developing programs. Eds. Susan H. McLeod and Margaret Soven. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1992. Available at https://wac.colostate.edu/books/landmarks/mcleod-soven/ Swanson-Owens, D. (1986). Identifying natural sources of resistance: A case study of implementing writing across the curriculum. Research in the Teaching of English 20(1), 69-97. Young, Richard E. (1991). Designing for change in a writing-across-the-curriculum program. In Virginia A. Chappell, M.L. Buley-Meissner, & C. Anderson (Eds.), Balancing acts: Essays on the teaching of writing in honor of William F. Irmscher. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.

22. New Models for WAC What would it mean to look at writing-across-the-curriculum in a different way? Over the past five years, my colleagues and I have wrestled with our discovery that WAC as it is typically conceptualized – what we've come to think of as "WAC Orthodoxy" – does not work on our campus. (p. 373) - Mike Palmquist (2000), in Inventing a Discipline: Rhetoric Scholarship in Honor of Richard E. Young

23. New Models for WAC Bottom-up WAC (1) Integrated Approaches to WAC and Reliance on Technology-based Approaches (2) CAC: Communication Across the Curriculum (3) ECAC: Electronic Communication Across the Curriculum (4) ____________ • Haring-Smith, Tori. (1987). A Guide to Writing Programs: Writing Centers, Peer Tutoring Programs, and Writing Across the Curriculum. Glenview, IL: Scott-Foresman. • Palmquist, Mike, Dawn Rodrigues, Kate Kiefer, & Don Zimmerman. (1995). Enhancing the Audience for Writing Across the Curriculum: Housing WAC in a Network-supported Writing Center. Computers and Composition, 12(3), 335-353. • Roberts, C. V. (1983). Speaking and listening education across the curriculum. In R. B. Rubin (Ed.), Improving speaking and listening skills (pp. 47–58). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. • Donna Reiss, Dickie Selfe, & Art Young (Eds.). (2008). Electronic Communication Across the Curriculum. WAC Clearinghouse Landmark Publications in Writing Studies. Fort Collins, CO: WAC Clearinghouse. Originally Published in Print, 1998, by NCTE. Retrieved from http://innovationtest2.colostate.edu/books/ecac/

24. Newer Models for WAC Writing Enriched Curriculum developed at the University of Minnesota and now used widely (5) WAC at the University of Central Florida (6) Writing and Speaking at North Carolina State University (7) ____________ • Visit https://wec.umn.edu/. • Visit https://wac.cah.ucf.edu/. • Visit https://cwsp.ncsu.edu/.

25. One New Model: Integrated Approach Early 1990s: Mike Palmquist discusses one new model for WAC that began at Colorado State University in the early 1990s. Speaker: Mike Palmquist

26. Language & Learning Across the Disciplines 1993: Michael Pemberton discusses the founding of the first WAC journal. Speaker: Michael Pemberton

27. The (Inter)National WAC Conferences

28. WAC and Writing Centers Michael Pemberton discusses the relationship between WAC programs and writing centers. Speaker: Michael Pemberton

29. WAC in the Community Colleges 1995: Donna Reiss recalls key moments in the development of WAC at Tidewater Community College. Speaker: Donna Reiss

30. The WAC Clearinghouse • Established in 1997 (https://wac.colostate.edu/about/brief-history/) • Initial Goal: Provide open-access resources to members of the WAC community • Revised Goal, Circa 1998: Expand resources to include open-access publications • Status: Eight open-access journals, more than 90 open-access books, and numerous resources • In the past year, 2.7 million visits (more than half from outside the US) and 2.4 million downloads

31. A Shift to Open Access Publishing 2000: Chuck Bazerman reflects on the Clearinghouse’s move toward open-access publishing. Speaker: Chuck Bazerman

32. Key Publications

33. WAC and L2 Writers 2005: Terry Myers Zawacki discusses her work with WAC and Second-Language Writers. Speaker: Terry Myers Zawacki

34. Regional WAC Associations

35. Statement of WAC Principles 2012: Michelle Cox discusses the origin and rationale for the Statement of WAC Principles. Speaker: Michelle Cox

36. WAC and Graduate Students 2013: Michelle Cox discusses the formation of the Consortium on Graduate Communication. Speaker: Michelle Cox

37. WAC-GO From left to right: Michelle LaFrance, Alisa Russell, Al Harahap, and Brian Hendrickson 

38. WAC Graduate Organization View the WAC-GO website at https://wac.colostate.edu/go.

39. CCCC WAC Standing Group The CCCC Writing Across the Curriculum Standing Group (WAC SG) was established in April 2017. It was proposed by the board of the International Network of Writing Across the Curriculum Programs (INWAC), which had led Special Interest Group meetings at CCCC for over thirty years. The shift to a WAC SG formalizes the relationship with CCCC, creates a rotating elected leadership, and creates a place on the schedule through a sponsored panel or workshop, as well as an annual business meeting. Please join us for our open meeting from 3:30-4:30 today in 401, where there will be a few announcements and small group discussions on issues of research, forming new WAC programs, continuing existing programs, and other topics. Learn more at https://wac.colostate.edu/standing-group/.

40. The Association for Writing Across the Curriculum View the AWAC website at https://wacassociation.org.

41. Response and Reflection

42. Response and Reflection

43. Please Join us at IWAC 2020 For more information, visit https://iwac.colostate.edu.

44. Discussion • How have these reflections opened institutional practices and how have they re-inscribed those that still need to be addressed? • Are we keeping pace with changes in our institutional and technological contexts? If not, how can we best address those changes? • Are our assessment practices consistent with our principles for addressing equity issues ranging from standardization to contingent faculty issues? • How do global collaborations change not only WAC programs in universities but also the first-year writing programs that precede them? • What is the relationship between WAC and programs in technical communication? • Should we constitute WAC as an increasingly distinct area of disciplinary and transdisciplinary inquiry? If so, how can we accomplish it?

45. Members of the Panel Jeffrey Galin (Standing Group Chair), Florida Atlantic University, jgalin@fau.edu Elaine Maimon, Governors State University, EMaimon@govst.edu Joan Mullin, University of North Carolina Charlotte, jaf829@gmail.com Mike Palmquist, Colorado State University, Mike.Palmquist@ColoState.edu Rich Rice, Texas Tech, rich.rice@ttu.edu Alisa Russell, University of Kansas, a.russell@ku.edu David R. Russell (Respondent), Iowa State University, drrussel@iastate.edu Pam Childers (Respondent), The McCallie School, pam.childers@gmail.com