بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Critical Theory Prepared By: Sare Abu Hania Tyseer Makharzih Thaer Al Shurfa Mohammad Saed

1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Critical Theory Prepared By: Sare Abu Hania Tyseer Makharzih Thaer Al Shurfa Mohammad Saed

2. Outline: *History .*Definition .*Important feature of critical theory .*Design critical theory .*Ethnography *Comparison of Traditional Qualitative Research and Critical Research

3. History Critical theory originated with a group of Marxist oriented German scholars in the 1920s, collectively referred to as the Frankfurt School. Variants of critical theory abound in the social sciences. Essentially, a critical researcher is concerned with a critique of society and with envisioning new possibilities. .

4. Definition: An approach to viewing the world that involves a critique of society, with the goal of envisioning new possibilities and effecting social change. Critical theory is concerned with a critique of existing social structures; critical researchers strive to conduct inquiries that involve collaboration with participants and foster enlightened self-knowledge and transformation.

5. Definition(cont) Critical social science is typically action oriented. Its broad aim is to integrate theory and practice such that people become aware of contradictions and disparities in their beliefs and social practices, and become inspired to change them.

6. Important Critical researchers reject the idea of an objective and disinterested inquirer, and are oriented toward transformation process. An important feature of critical theory is that it calls for inquiries that foster enlightened self-knowledge and sociopolitical action.

7. Important(cont) Moreover, critical theory involves a self reflexive aspect. To prevent a critical theory of society from becoming yet another self-serving ideology, critical theorists must account for their own transformative effects.

8. Design critical theory The design of research in critical theory often begins with a thorough analysis of certain aspects of the problem. For example, critical researchers might analyze and critique taken-for-granted assumptions that underlie the problem, the language used to depict the situation.

9. Design critical theory Critical researchers often triangulate multiple methodologies, and emphasize multiple perspectives (e.g., alternative racial or social class perspectives) on problems. Critical researchers typically interact with study participants in ways that emphasize participants’ .expertise

10. Critical ethnography Critical theory has been applied in a number of disciplines, and has played an especially important role in Ethnography.

11. Critical (ethnography (cont) Critical ethnography uses the principles of critical theory in the study of cultures. Critical ethnography focuseson raising consciousness and aiding emancipatory goals in the hope of effecting social change. Critical ethnographers address the historical, social, political and economic dimensions of cultures.

12. Critical ethnography (cont) An assumption in critical ethnographic research is that actions and thoughts are mediated by power relationships (Hammersley, 1992). Critical ethnographers attempt to increase the political dimensions of cultural research and undermine oppressive systems (Giroux, 1992).

13. .Comparison of Traditional Qualitative Research and Critical Research .

14. Reference: Seventh edition of Nursing Research Book Principles and Methods Morrow, R. A., & Brown, D. D. (1994) Critical theory and methodology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.