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The Crusades

This lesson explores the causes and effects of the Crusades, focusing on the conflict between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land. Students will also learn about the cultural diffusion that occurred as a result of the Crusades, including increased trade and the exchange of knowledge between Europe and the Middle East.

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The Crusades

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  1. The Crusades In this lesson, students will be able to define the following terms: Pilgrim Crusades Students will also be able to explain one cause of the Crusades and one effect of the Crusades.

  2. Between Charlemagne And Crusades • Charlemagne is name emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and unified much of western Europe. • Vikings, from Scandinavia, began raiding European countries for gold and land. • Alfred the Great turns back and defeats the Vikings. • William of Normandy (France) invades and conquers England • Muslims take control of the Holy land of Israel and Jerusalem. • First Crusades being….. E. Napp

  3. In the seventh century, Muslims conquered Palestine. E. Napp

  4. Muslim Conquest • In the seventh century, Muslims conquered Palestine. • Initially, the Muslim conquerors allowed Jews and Christians to freely enter the Holy Land. • As time passed, some Muslim rulers were less tolerant.

  5. Christians wanted to visit the land where Jesus was born. When a person travels for religious purposes, he is a pilgrim.

  6. Rumors and Intolerance • As the years passed, reports spread that some Muslims had killed Christian pilgrims and destroyed churches. • European Christians were also increasingly intolerant of Muslims controlling the Holy Land. • As tensions increased, war seemed inevitable.

  7. In 1095, Pope Urban II called for a crusade, or war, against the Muslims.

  8. Pope Urban II • In 1095, Pope Urban II, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, called for a crusade, or war, against the Muslims. • Ultimately, the Christians fought many crusades against the Muslims. • However, Christians never permanently regained control of the Holy Land.

  9. For almost 200 years – from 1096 to 1291- European crusaders went to the Holy Land.

  10. Many Europeans Joined the Crusades. Some joined for the promise of Heaven. Others joined hoping for wealth.

  11. Crusaders • Crusaders were European Christians who heeded the Pope’s call to regain the Holy Land. • Crusaders joined for many reasons. • Some joined for the promise of Heaven, others for wealth, and still others for adventure.

  12. Crusaders often wore a cross on their breastplate.

  13. The Effects of the Crusades • Historians frequently call the Crusades “a successful failure.” • While Europeans never regained permanent control of the Holy Land and many people were killed, cultural diffusion increased. • Europeans began to trade with the Middle East.

  14. Europeans learned about Arab art, architecture, medicine, and mathematics.

  15. Questions for Reflection: • Why were Christians upset that Muslims had gained control of the Holy Land? • Define pilgrim. • What is a crusade? • Why did the Pope call for a Crusade? • Why do historians call the Crusades “a successful failure”? • What was an effect of the Crusades?

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