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Prof. Randy H. Katz Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley

The Post-PC Era: It’s All About the New Services-Enabled Internet NTT DoCoMo Laboratory Palo Alto, CA, USA 12 June 2000. Prof. Randy H. Katz Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 randy@cs.Berkeley.edu.

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Prof. Randy H. Katz Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley

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  1. The Post-PC Era: It’s All About the NewServices-Enabled InternetNTT DoCoMo LaboratoryPalo Alto, CA, USA12 June 2000 Prof. Randy H. Katz Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 randy@cs.Berkeley.edu Some slides contributed by Prof. Eric Brewer and Dr. Steve McCanne

  2. Presentation Outline • The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet • The New Services-Enabled Internet • ICEBERG Project • Summary and Conclusions

  3. What is the Internet?“It’s the TCP/IP Protocol Stack” • Applications • Web • Email • Video/Audio • TCP/IP • Access Technologies • Ethernet (LAN) • Wireless (LMDS, WLAN, Cellular) • Cable • ADSL • Satellite Applications Middleware Services Transport Services and Representation Standards “Narrow Waist” TCP/IP Open Data Network Bearer Service Network Technology Substrate Access Technologies

  4. Critical Evolution of the Internet • NSFNet • 1st Gen (1985): 56 kbps /LSI-11s, six SC centers • 2nd Gen (1988): T1/IBM RTs, SC sites + regional nets • 3rd Gen (1991): T3/RS6000; Migration to MCI PoPs • 1993: Commercialization plan; NSF phase out by 4/95; NCSA Mosaic • 1994-1995: Privatization of the NSFNet, ISP connectivity, Network Access Point (NAP) Architecture • 1995- : vBNS, Internet2, Abilene • WWW, Netscape • Telecommunications Act of 1996 • Massive mergers yielding giants like SBC, MCI-Worldcom-Sprint, AT&T-TCI, AOL-Time Warner, and new service providers like Qwest

  5. Metropolitan Area Exchanges/Network Access Points Tier 1 Connections: High speed FDDI switches + routers with huge routing tables Tier 2 Connections: regional connection points MAE does not provide peering, just connection b/w to co-located ISPs

  6. Digex Backbone Qwest IP Backbone (Late 1999) GTE Internetworking Backbone Various Backbones

  7. New Internet Business Model in the Post-PC Era Applications (Portals, E-Commerce, E-Tainment, Media) Appl Infrastructure Services (Distribution, Caching, Searching, Hosting) AIP ISV Application-specific Servers (Streaming Media, Transformation) ASP Internet Data Centers Application-specific Overlay Networks (Multicast Tunnels, Mgmt Svrcs) ISP CLEC Internetworking (Connectivity) Global Packet Network

  8. Co-Location Scalable Servers WebCaches Services Within the Network: Caching and Distribution “Internet Grid” Parallel Network Backbones Internet Exchange Points

  9. $ $ Caching Advantages for Service Providers Internet Local POP • Move data closer to consumer • Backbone caches save b/w • Edge caches for QoS • 4 billion hits/day@AOL! • Even more crucial for broadband access networks, e.g., cable, DSL ISP Backbone $ $ Local POP Local POP Eric Brewer

  10. Reverse Proxy Cache Cache fronts origin server $ $ Internet Internet Reverse Caching Forward Proxy Cache Cache handles client requests Eric Brewer

  11. $ $ $ $ Surge Protection viaClustered Caches Reverse caches buffer load across multiple sites Hosting Provider Network www.site 1.com www.site 2.com www.site 3.com Internet www.site 4.com Reverse Proxy Cluster www.site 5.com www.site 6.com Eric Brewer

  12. $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Content Distribution We can connect these caches! ISP Network Hosting Provider Network Internet Forward Caches Reverse Proxy Cluster Push content out to the edge Eric Brewer

  13. multicast cloud multicast cloud multicast cloud multicast cloud multicast cloud Example: Application-level Multicast Solve the multicast management and peering problems by moving up the protocol stack Isolated multicast clouds Traditional unicast peering Steve McCanne

  14. Multicast as anInfrastructure Service • Global multicast as an “infrastructure service”, not a core network primitive • Circumvents technical/operational/business barriers of no interdomain multicast routing, management, billing • No coherent architecture for infrastructure services, because of end-to-end principle • Needed: Service stack to complement the IP protocol stack • Open redirection • Content-level peering Steve McCanne

  15. The Service Stack Applications End Host End host Services TCP service End-to-end argument here Network Services IP service Router Steve McCanne

  16. The Service Stack Applications End Host End host Services TCP service DNS stub Infrastructure Services Overlay DNS Network Services IP service Router Steve McCanne

  17. The Service Stack Applications End Host End host Services TCP service DNS stub Infrastructure Services Overlay Cache Services Proxy Services DNS Network Services IP service Router Steve McCanne

  18. The Service Stack Applications End Host End host Services TCP service DNS stub redirection Infrastructure Services Overlay Cache Services Proxy Services DNS Network Services IP service Router Steve McCanne

  19. Content Distribution Through MulticastOverlay Network Content Broadcast Network Edge Servers Load Balancing Thru Server Redirection; Content Broadcast Management Platform and Tools RedirectionFabric Inter-ISP Redirection Peering Broadcast Overlay Architecture Broadcasters Clients Steve McCanne

  20. A New Kind of Internet • Actively push services towards the edges: caches, content distribution points • Manage redirection, not routes • New applications-specific protocols • Push content to the edge • Invalidate remote content for freshness • Collate remote logs into a single log • Internet TV/Radio: streaming media that works • Twilight of the end-to-end argument • Trusted service providers/network intermediaries • Service providers create own application-specific overlays, e.g., cache and streaming media content distribution

  21. The Post-PC Era • Services spanning access networks, to achieve high performance and manage diversity of end devices • Not about specific Information Appliances • Builds on the New Internet: multiple application-specific “overlay” networks, with new kinds of service-level peering • Pervasive support for services within “intelligent” networks • Automatic replication • Document routing to caches • Compression & mirroring • Data transformation

  22. Bridge to the Future The ICEBERG Project“Beyond Third Generation Cellular Networks:The Integration of Internet and Telephony Technology” S. S. 7 Randy Katz, Anthony Joseph http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu Cellular “Core” Network

  23. The Future: Internet-basedOpen Services Architecture “Today, the telecommunications sector is beginning to reshape itself, from a vertically to a horizontally structured industry. … [I]t used to be that new capabilities were driven primarily by the carriers. Now, they are beginning to be driven by the users. … There’s a universe of people out there who have a much better idea than we do of what key applications are, so why not give those folks the opportunity to realize them. … The smarts have to be buried in the ‘middleware’ of the network, but that is going to change as more-capable user equipment is distributed throughout the network. When it does, the economics of this industry may also change.” George Heilmeier, Chairman Emeritus, Bellcore

  24. Universal In-box Transparent Information Access Speech-to-Text Speech-to-Voice Attached-Email Call-to-Pager/Email Notification Email-to-Speech All compositions of the above! Policy-based Location-based Activity-based

  25. ICEBERG Goals • Demonstrate ease of new service deployment • Packet voice for computer-telephony integration • Speech- and location-enabled applications • Complete interoperation of speech, text, fax/image across the PDAs, pads, pagers, phones (4 P’s) • Mobility and generalized routing redirection • Demonstrate new service architecture supporting innovative applications • Personal Information Management • Universal In-box: e-mail, news, fax, voice mail • Notification redirection: e.g., e-mail, pager • Home networking and control of “smart” spaces, sensor/actuator integration • Build on experience with A/V equipped rooms in Soda Hall

  26. SimMillennium Network Infrastructure Experimental Testbed IBM WorkPad Velo Nino MC-16 Motorola Pagewriter 2000 CF788 Pager WLAN / Bluetooth 306 Soda 405 Soda H.323 GW 326 Soda “Colab” GSM BTS TCI @Home Millennium Cluster Smart Spaces Personal Information Management Millennium Cluster

  27. ICEBERG Feature Set • Potentially Any Network Services (PANS) • Any service can from any network by any device; network/device independence in system design • Personal Mobility • Person as communication endpoint with single identity • Service Mobility • Retain services across networks • Easy Service Creation and Customization • Allow callee control & filtering • Scalability, Availability, Fault Tolerance • Security, Authentication, Privacy

  28. ICEBERG Architectural Elements • ICEBERG Access Point (IAP) • Encapsulates network specific gateway (control and data) • ICEBERG Point of Presence (iPOP) • Performs detailed signaling • Call Agent: per communication device per call party • Call Agent Dispatcher: deploy call agent • Name Mapping Service • Mapping between iUID (Iceberg Unique ID) and service end point • Preference Registry • Contains user profile: service subscription, configuration, customization • Personal Activity Tracker (PAT) • Tracks dynamic information about user of interest • Automatic Path Creation Service • Creates datapath among participants’ communications devices

  29. Transducer Agent iPOP IAP iPOP iPOP iPOP Redirection Agent Transformation and Redirection Pager IP Core GW Cellular Network WLAN GW GW H.323 GW PSTN

  30. ICEBERG Signaling System • Signaling System • Distributed system w/agents communicating via signaling protocol for call setup, routing, & control • ICEBERG Basic Call Service • Communication of two or more call participants using any number of communication devices via any kind of media • If call participant uses more than one devices, must be used synchronously • Essential Approach • Loosely coupled, soft state-based signaling protocol w/group communication • Call Session: a collection of call agents that communicate with each other

  31. iPOP iPOP Call Agent Dispatcher Call Agent Dispatcher 4 2 3 5 8 9 1 Call Agent Call Agent 7 3 IAP IAP 10 12 11 iPOP Call Agent Dispatcher 6 13 16 Call Agent 15 14 IAP Signaling: Call Session Establishment Bob Alice Carol Name Mapping Service Preference Registry

  32. Conclusions • Emerging Network-centric Distributed Architecture spanning processing and access • Open, composable services architecture--the wide-area “operating system” of the 21st Century • Beyond the desktop PC: information appliances supported by infrastructure services--multicast real-time media plus proxies for any-to-any format translation and delivery to diverse devices • Common network core: optimized for data, based on IP, enabling packetized voice, supporting user, terminal, and service mobility

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