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WIRELESS AUTONOMOUS TRANSDUCER SYSTEMS Sywert H. Brongersma

WIRELESS AUTONOMOUS TRANSDUCER SYSTEMS Sywert H. Brongersma. Holst Centre open innovation. Wireless Autonomous Transducer Solutions IMEC. System-in-Foil Products and Production TNO. Technology Integration. Medical & Lifestyle as an application driver. Autonomy. Wearability. Connectivity.

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WIRELESS AUTONOMOUS TRANSDUCER SYSTEMS Sywert H. Brongersma

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  1. WIRELESS AUTONOMOUS TRANSDUCER SYSTEMSSywert H. Brongersma

  2. Holst Centre open innovation Wireless Autonomous Transducer Solutions IMEC System-in-Foil Products and Production TNO Technology Integration Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  3. Medical & Lifestyle as an application driver Autonomy Wearability Connectivity Intelligence Functionality Implantability Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  4. Front End 20mW mP 20mW Radio 20mW S 10mW Non Electrical World A 10mW DSP 20mW • 2mW  0.03mW/cm2 Micropower System - 100mW Thermal, Vibrational, RF, Light Optimizing energy scavenging Camel Fridge: medicine transportation Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  5. An Integrated Approach is Key… Application layer Data interpretation Application software, diagnosis, … Algorithmic layer Algorithms for data interpretation Pattern matching, sensor data fusion, classification Processing layer Low-level signal processing Sensor data calibration, data correction, compression Transducer feedback and control loop Interfacing layer Interface between sensor and signal processing unit Typically ADC, DAC, or counter, pulse generator Signal conditioning layer Signal preconditioning: Amplification, buffering, actuator driving, … Typically analog electronics Physical layer Physical sensing or actuating mechanism Transducer design & physics Device physics inside nanowire,MEMS,… Picture: P. Nair (Purdue Univ.) Technology layer Underlying technology to fabricate transducers MEMS, nanowire deposition, micro-optics, … Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  6. www.continuaalliance.org Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  7. 2002: Portable they say… Progress in ambulatory EEG… ULP biopotential read-out ASIC 3D-SiP layer integration Formfactor 300  1 cm3 Low power <10mW 2008 Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  8. X1,1 X1,2 X1,3 X1,4 Feature Extractor EEG Channel 1 Support-Vector Machine Temporal Constraint X2,1 X2,2 X2,3 X2,4 Feature Extractor EEG Channel 2 Classification X21,1 X21,2 X21,3 X21,4 Feature Extractor EEG Channel 21 [ MIT Technology Review ] … to enable automated epileptic seizure detection Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  9. Power Consumption of 8-Channel EEG Further reduction towards 100 mW Radio technology Local processing to reduce transmission DSP w. > 500 MOPs/mW required 256 Hz 8 channels Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  10. In parallel: wireless ECG patch Hybrid integration Electronics integration on flex substrate Textile integration for stretchability Flexible core part ULP bio-potential read-out front end Low-power digital signal processing: TI MSP430 f1611 Low-power radio link: Built on Nordic nRF24L01 175mAh Li-ion battery Band-aid integration Wire-free and easy to set-up Fits any body shapes and electrode placement Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  11. Towards automated arrhythmia detection • For 90 nm technology: • DSP Active power consumption 6mW + Duty cycle 1% •  Average power consumption 60mW Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  12. And also: body temperature… on flex & SpO2 autonomously Commercial SpO2 sensor integrated with WATS sensor node Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  13. Multi sensor node approach very powerful Temperature ECG, respiration EEG, EOG EMG SpO2 Activity monitoring Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  14. Multi-sensor body area network for complex health issues Star network with 3 slaves 2 channels EEG (F2/A1 and C2/A1) 2 channels EOG 1 channel EMG TDMA MAC protocol Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  15. Wireless Sleep Monitoring Sleep apnea prevalence Europe: 4% male population, 2% female population USA: 10% population Narcolepsy prevalence 1 in 1359 Dramatic socio-economic consequences Current sleep monitoring systems Expensive, non-natural environment Wired systems: cumbersome, noisy, hinder mobility Wireless sleep staging system Pre-screening in home environment Ambulatory and comfort Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  16. Preliminary clinical evaluation Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  17. CNS Control behavior Info processing … Emotional response ANS Homeostasis … Vocal system Speech … Monitoring emotionspsycho-physiological response to external stimuli • Emotional response is one of many reasons for • changes in ANS, CNS and vocal system • Need for integration of multi-modalities • Need to isolate emotion response • Ultra-low-power wireless sensor network • as enabling technology Test environment Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  18. Application 1: Biofeedback and emotion control Emotionclassification ECG, Respiration Back muscle stiffness • Feedback • Visual • Auditive • Pharmaceutical Temperature, GSR Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  19. Application 2: monitoring acceptance of drug treatment Continuous monitoring from home WBAN: ULP UWB for 15.14a standard Network (security, privacy, reliability) Hospital analysis Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  20. Mean Mean ECG ECG HR + filter HR + filter Mean 1 Mean 1 st st diff diff Mean Mean GSR GSR Filter Filter Mean 1 Mean 1 diff diff st st Classifier Classifier Emotion Emotion Emotion Temp Temp Mean Mean Filter Filter Mean Mean Respiration Respiration RR + filter RR + filter Mean 1 Mean 1 st st diff diff analysis analysis FFT FFT First prototype of emotion monitor Fisher mapping: Clustering of emosion Error rate: ~40% • Interpretation • Error rate estimated using leave-one-out cross-validation on a very reduced data set • Risk of over-fitting •  Check on new data set ! Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

  21. Trend towards the future:Truly Unobtrusive Monitoring Solutionswith ever increasing sensor functionality On-board power scavenging Low power  sensors & actuators * Sweat, Saliva, Breath Lactate, Urea, Glucose, Oxygen, Acetone * Polerized dipole molecules NO2, CO, Ethanol, Amines * Redox molecules Ammonia, NO2, H2S, COx) * Volatile organic compounds Benzene, Alkanes, Ethanol  read-out circuitry  radio  dsp Unither Nanomedical & Telemedical Technology April 3rd, 2008

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