The potential for hydrocarbon refrigerants as HCFC-22 replacement in air conditioning

1. The potential for hydrocarbon refrigerants as HCFC-22 replacement in air conditioning Atmosphere 2009 Bussels, 19-20 October 2009 Volkmar Hasse GTZ-Proklima

2. Overview of Presentation Room Air Conditioner Situation Substitute Technologies GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project Policy Development Market Potential

3. Statement Hydrocarbon refrigerants are an excellent alternative to HCFCs. Hydrocarbons are used safely in all walks of life from hairspray and cooking gas to fuels for cars and airplanes. Hydrocarbon based technologies have to be designed to operate safely, and they are indeed safe."

4. Overview of Presentation Room Air Conditioner Situation Substitute Technologies GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project Policy Development Market Potential

5. Types of room air conditioning equipment

6. Room Air conditioners Worldwide

7. Historical and forecast production of RAC equipment in China (for domestic consumption)

9. Overview of Presentation Room Air Conditioner Situation Substitute Technologies GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project(s) Policy Development Market Potential

10. Substitute Technologies R 410A: GWP 2100 R 407C: GWP 1800 R 290: GWP 3 - Technical development: energy efficiency - Safety standards: flammability - Comparison with R600a refrigerators: Safety discussions 12 years ago Lessons learned?

11. Success of Greenfreeze Technology-Diffusion in China 1995: Company Quingdao Haier introduced Greenfreeze Technology, supported by GTZ 1997: Company Kelon changed its production to Greenfreeze 2008: 75% of Chinese production uses Greenfreeze Technology We did it once. Can we do it again?

12. Success of Greenfreeze Technology-Diffusion Worldwide

13. Overview of Presentation Room Air Conditioner Situation Substitute Technologies GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project(s) Policy Development Market Potential

15. GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project

16. Emission Reduction Scenario Potential for China (60% of world�s A/C production) Diffusion rate based on experiences with R 600a Greenfreeze technology

17. Overview of Presentation Room Air Conditioner Situation Substitute Technologies GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project Policy Development Market Potential

18. Policy Development Over 100 countries will place import quotas to meet 2013/2015 MP obligations Europe: reconsidering EN 378 International: reconsider IEC 60335-2-40? China: RAC industry safety standards USA: Clean Air Act / ASHRAE Safety considerations depend on: - appropriate industry standards- appropriate service technician education Montreal Protocol Example: CFC phase out

19. Estimated annual (reported) emissions from China RAC equipment (no R-22)

20. Policy Development Destruction and recycling of CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs Most developing countries have no facilities (too expensive, no infrastructure) Recovered stocks � ultimate fate is atmosphere Entire problem can be avoided with HCs (may be vented) This policy situation may translate into sooner and higher market demand for natural refrigerant based solutions

21. Overview of Presentation Room Air Conditioner Situation Substitute Technologies GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project Policy Development Market Potential

22. Room Air Conditioner Situation 2009 approx. 1 billion HCFC-22 units worldwide about 100 million units added annually average HCFC-22 charge about 1.6 kg approx. 1�600�000 tonnes HCFC-22 contained in existing equipment HCFC-22 GWP: 1�810 2�896 Mtonnes CO2eq. Servicing needs: approx. 800�000 tonnes/yr 1�448 Mtonnes CO2eq.

23. Market Potential Major development in tropical countries:- Energy efficiency, direct emission reductions Major countries: China, India, Gulf, ASEAN, Latin America LVCs: Island States, Africa Developing gap between market demand for air  conditioners and availability of HCFC air conditioners due to freeze in 2013 and subsequent reduction steps Precondition: Availability of HC refrigerant gas