Punctuation

1. I wish I knew how to punctuate a cow can punctuate better than I can you? Punctuation Helping Readers Understand Our Thoughts

2. End Marks • Period follows a statement: My sister is called Donna. • Question mark follows question: Will Wausaukee win tonight? • Exclamation mark follows exclamation: What a handsome fellow! • How about those Rangers! • Period/exclamation mark follows command: • Wait here. Wait here!

3. Abbreviations • I. B. Smart • Dr. I. B. Smart • Co., Inc., Jr., • Ave., St. • A.M./B.C. • NO PERIODS: NASA, CA, cm, • Alex G. Duer, M.D.,

4. Practice • Return these IRS pamphlets by 3:00 PM • What a great day we had in Mrs Kahles’ English class • Where did you ever find a pear that weighs 16 g, Chelsea • How can I send this to J. P. Laundry Enterprises, Inc, if I can’t find the address • Send your medical questions to Dr Holly Minor, 1414 Richy Rich St, Beverly Hills, CA 10000

5. Commas in a Series • Commas separate words, phrases, and short sentences in a series: They found gum on the floor, in the bubbler, and on the walls. Ex: We arrived, we cleaned, and we painted. EXCEPTION: The Rangers beat Peshtigo and Crivitz and Suring.

6. Laura walked into the room saw her dad sitting in her desk waiting for her and ran straight to the bathroom. Kara DeLaet is a quiet shy introverted person, who rarely says a word in class.

7. , Commas separate two or more adjectives preceding a noun IF each adjective describes the noun itself. When the classroom filled with billowing black smoke, Cody picked up his girlfriend from the seat behind him, threw her over his shoulders, and carried her outside to safety.

8. Practice: Commas , , The recipe for Tom Guarisco’s thick red spicy sauce has just sold for one million dollars. Tom’s sauce is thick and red and spicy. EXCEPTION: Kaitlin Downs is a famous trapeze artist who has traveled the world discussing her new book, How Mrs. Kahles’ English Class Made Me a Success. Artist is both famous and trapeze??? NO Trapeze artist is famous--no comma!

9. Punctuating Compound Sentences Commas Semi-Colon

10. Independent Clauses with Commas A clause which can stand on its own as a complete sentence Sarah’s mother said she couldn’t because she didn’t eat all of her supper. Sarah wanted to eat a large bowl of ice cream. , but

11. Commas -compound sentences • Use commas before coordinatingconjunctions (and,but,for, or, yet, so,etc.) when they connect independent clauses: • Steven is a freshman but he plays on the varsity team. • First Chase asked Melissa to the dance and then Jordan. ,

12. Practice Session • The calendar is very old and made of stone. • Charlotte laughed but I didn’t. • Combine: • Put covers on your textbooks. They will stay clean.

13. Commas/nonessential words • Ryan Suennen, a U.S. senator, was an • astronaut. • A U.S. senator does not tell us which • Ryan Suennen you are talking about.

14. Essential/Nonessential Elements: Restrictive: Nonrestrictive Nonessential: Doesn’t limit to a certain one Essential: Limits to a certain one My cousin, who is fifteen, .. The girl who is sitting in the corner is...

15. No Comma: essential phrases The car with its lights on belongs to the principal, Mr. Mosher. With its lights on tells us exactly which car we are talking about

16. Essential/Nonessential Clauses Have you been good to your teacher??? The Santa who is talking(Exactly which Santa do you mean?) is the essential Santa.

17. These worms(already answers exactly which ones do you mean),all called Megan, are reading books for their Outside Reading Requirement for their favorite class--English! Mine is Maghan! My name is Meagan! Spell mine M.E.G.H.A.N. It’s spelled M.a.g.a.n!

18. Let’s Practice • The cookies that Ashley makes are not very good. • Circle any words that are unfamiliar to you. • Laura who wants to become a professional dancer is studying ballet. • The Steven who likes to talk a lot in class is Steven Roulette. • Do Ex: 6, p. 265.

19. Reviewing Ex 1-7: Find the Errors The book, with the red cover, was left in the media center. Jackie lost all her money, therefore she had to leave the casino immediately. US Senator Chase Nystrom has been touring the Midwest, campaigning for president. Antoine joined the YMCA because he felt he had become a lazy boring man.

20. Commas: Introductory Words • Yes, Well, NO, Why: “No, I do not love you anymore, Lucas!” yelled Paris Hilton. • Participial Phrase: Grabbing Austin’s hand, Katie Jo dragged him onto the dance floor. • Adverb Clause: When Patrick grows up, he wants to be a teacher just like Mrs. Kahles. • Long Prepositional Phrase: On the night before the biggest dance of the year,it snowed.

21. Parenthetical Expressions: In fact,no one has a date for the dance. This book, for instance, costs fifteen dollars. PRACTICE • As a matter of fact, I want to thank you Joe for straightening out your very best buddy Ben. • Clydesdales, the large horses in the Budweiser commercials, were originally used to pull heavy wagons. • Yes some caves had walls some had roofs and some had separate rooms right Mrs. Smith?

22. Introductory Elements On the way home from an exhausting day, Logan Yes, I agree... Words Long Prepositional Phrases After you finish talking, you Running down the street, Melissa tripped on her shoe laces.... Adverb Clauses Participial Phrases

23. Practice • Yes Steven Taglia the world-famous writer did win a Nobel Prize on September 15 1934 when he was only three years old. • Sitting by Ben Afleck at the dance, Jennifer was startled when her very best friend Hilary handed her a letter from a young man in the corner. It began “Dear Jennifer I have loved you from afar for years. Your Secret Admirer …”

24. Commas: Interrupters • Appositives and Phrases: Will, the tallest freshman, is even taller than Mrs. Kahles. Mrs. Kahles is shorter than Will, the tallest freshman boy. • Direct Address: Ethan, did you ask that special someone to the dance? Do you have a date yet, Ashley? I heard, Ethan , that Ashley doesn’t have a date yet.

25. Separate items in dates and addresses: Our Snowball Dance will be held on Saturday, February 22, 2003,in the cafeteria. The address of the school is N11941 Hwy 141, Wausaukee, Wisconsin, which is just ten miles north of Crivitz. • After name followed by an abbreviation when interrupting a sentence Give this to my sweetheart, Nicholas Jarman, Jr., when you see him.

26. Semicolons Hello everybody! I’m Mr. Semicolon ; Use me between independent clauses without conjunctions

27. ; The dance was a success the sophomores made $500. The state of Washington was named for George Washington he was our first president. ;

28. Use a semicolon with conjunctive Adverbs. My brother has a cat; therefore, I have cat hair on me all the time. Going to dances with your friends is a lot of fun; on the other hand, dances can be boring if your date doesn’t dance. NOT:Mary is in love with Clyde, however, not his brother

29. Use semicolon between items in a series if the items contain commas. • Today I had an egg, sausage, and orange juice for breakfast; hamburger and fries for lunch; and a 6 oz, juicy steak and baked potato for supper.

30. Let’s Practice • The Arkansas flag is red white and blue and it has three blue stars beneath the name Arkansas representing Spain France and the United States. , , ; , , , Assignment for next block: Ex. 1-5, pates 259-265)

31. Use colons for list which follow anoun. • These are my favorite classes: English, math, and science. • Every day I watch the following shows: Days of Our Lives, All My Children, and As the World Turns.

32. Use colon for long, formal quotations This is how Dickens shows his feelings about the injustices of the poor “…” :

33. Use colon for hour-minute, chapter/verse and salutation of business letter Dear Mr. Smith At 700 P.M. last night, I read Genesis 329-39 to my children. I found the verses strikingly familiar.

34. ; John just turned sixteen he can make an appointment for his driver’s test. , John just turned sixteen so now he can make an appointment for his driver’s test.

35. My brother has 14 cats furthermore he has five dogs and six goats. Go to the dance with your friends otherwise you will just sit at home and watch television.

36. , I have lived in Sugar Valley Tennessee Whistle Holler Kentucky and Little Creek Alabama. ; ; , , Whew! This one sure is a hard one. I must just have to call on Mr. Semicolon to help. Here I come to save the day! Mighty Semicolon is on his way! Miss Comma? ;

37. : , , These are my favorite classes English math and science. Every day I watch the following shows Days of Our Lives All My Children and As the World Turns. : , , Where’s Miss Comma? Yippee! Now it is my turn! :

38. Assignment: Correct Review Exercises A/B/C pages 277-8 Study for Chapter 20 Test

39. Underlining/Italics Titles • Books: The Red Badge of Courage Chapters in book: “The Beginning” • Plays: Romeo and Juliet Scenes: “Scene One” • Magazines: Time magazine Articles “ Saddam” • Movies: Three Kings

40. Others... • Television series/not individual show • Works of Art: Mona Lisa • Long musical compositions/not individual songs: • Names: ships/aircraft/spacecraft/trains • Words/letters/figures referred to as such: The word sucks is unacceptable. • Foreign words: Père Noël is the French term for Santa Clause.

41. “ “ Quotation Marks “ “ “

42. Use quotation marks to enclose a direct quotation--exact words Wait here said the officer until the woman with the flag waves you on. Now, what are we supposed to do? the young boy asked. I guess I wasn’t listening.

43. Begin first word of quote with a capital letter Shane said the earlier arrowheads were larger than the later ones.

44. When speaker interrupts a quoted sentence, the second part of the quotation begins with small letter. The clay said Kelly comes from an area near the bottom of the cliffs. Look at this said Mr. Park. It is a piece of amber.

45. Period or a comma should always be placed inside the closing quotation marks. John said That’s a beautiful jacket. My grandmother gave it to me said Flora.

46. Question mark or exclamation point should be placed inside the closing quotation marks when the quotation itself is a question/exclamation. Who has an extra pencil I asked. Why did you say Space aliens did it Sue asked

47. With several sentences, put quotation marks only at beginning and end of whole quote Now, you’re galloping toward the first barrel. You know you’re going to turn and go around it, but the horse doesn’t know. So you squeeze with your right knee said Ron.

48. When you write dialogue, begin a new paragraph every time the speaker changes. Chad looked nervous and said You guys are not going to believe this. Did you think it was a UFO? asked Jodie I don’t know what it was, but it was strange. Look, said Katie let’s call the police.

49. Quotation marks to enclose titles of short works: poems, articles, songs, episodes of TV programs, chapters, etc. Did she sing Love is the Thing at her concert?

50. Single quotation marks to enclose a quotation within a quotation • Jack said I spoke to the principal. She said Remember that everyone has the right of free speech. • Have you read the poem Refugee in America asked Ralph.