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Basic Concepts About Matter

Basic Concepts About Matter. Chemistry and Matter. Matter - anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume) What are some examples? Chemistry – the study of matter and the changes it undergoes What types of chemists are there? . Three phases (states) of matter.

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Basic Concepts About Matter

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  1. Basic Concepts About Matter

  2. Chemistry and Matter • Matter - anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume) What are some examples? • Chemistry – the study of matter and the changes it undergoes What types of chemists are there?

  3. Three phases (states) of matter • What are the three phases of matter? • How do they compare in terms of shape, volume, and compressibility?

  4. Physical and Chemical Properties • Physical property – can be observed without changing the identity of the substance • What are some examples? • Chemical property – describes how a substance undergoes (or resists) change (chemically reacts) to form new substances • What are some examples?

  5. Physical and chemical changes • Physical change – substance changes in appearance but its identity is not changed • What are some examples? • Chemical change – substance changes (chemically reacts) in a way that changes its chemical composition and therefore changes its identity • What are some examples?

  6. Properties and Changes

  7. Pure substances and mixtures • Pure substance – can not be separated into simpler substances by physical means (as opposed to chemical reactions that break chemical “bonds”) • Mixture – two or more pure substances mingled in a way where each retains its own identity

  8. Pure substances • Element: Pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means (breaking bonds) 115 known • Compound: Pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined. Can be broken down into those elements by chemical means. 9 million known

  9. Mixtures • Homogeneous: Has one visible phase Has the same composition throughout Examples? • Heterogeneous: Has two or more visible phases Has a different composition when sampled in different areas Examples?

  10. Relative abundance of elements

  11. Common elements and polyatomic ions • The first three periods • Family IA (the first six elements) • Family IIA (the first five elements) • Family VIIA (the first five elements) • The following elements: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Sn, Au, Pb, Hg • Know the following polyatomic ions: NH4+ (ammonium ion), OH- (hydroxide ion), NO3- (nitrate ion), NO2- (nitrite ion), SO32- (sulfite ion), SO42- (sulfate ion), PO43- (phosphate ion), CO32- (carbonate ion), HCO3- (bicarbonate ion)

  12. Atoms, molecules and compounds • Atom: smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element • Molecule: two or more atoms chemically combined • Compound: two or more atoms from different elements that are chemically combined

  13. Different types of molecules

  14. Classify these as:a) diatomic, triatomic, etc…b) homoatomic or heteroatomicc) elemental or compound

  15. Chemical formulae • Tells you what elements are present in a molecule and the number of atoms of each type of element • Molecular formula: Tells you the elements and the actual number of each atom within the true molecule • Empirical formula: Tells you the elements and the lowest whole number ratio of each type of atom

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