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MCB100 Introductory Microbiology Exam 1 Fall 2018 - Nucleic Acids Genetic Material of Life DNA

This is the announcement for MCB100 Introductory Microbiology Exam 1 for Fall 2018, covering chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, with a focus on nucleic acids and DNA. The exam will take place on Friday, September 28, 2018, from 2:00 to 2:50 pm. Review session will be held on Wednesday, September 26, from 7:00 to 7:50 pm. A practice exam is available for students. In case of conflicts or illness, contact the instructor for accommodations. Learn more at www.life.illinois.edu/mcb/100.

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MCB100 Introductory Microbiology Exam 1 Fall 2018 - Nucleic Acids Genetic Material of Life DNA

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  1. MCB100 Introductory MicrobiologySept. 17, 2018Nucleic AcidsGenetic Material of Life DNA

  2. MCB100 Exam 1 Fall 2018 Friday, September 28, 2018 2:00 – 2:50 pm Covers: chapters 1, 2, 4, 3 & 6 (Chapter 5 is not on exam 1!) Place: If your last name starts with A – M: please take the exam in room 2079 NHB If your last name starts with N – Z: please take the exam in room 100 Noyes Lab Review Session: 7:00 – 7:50 pm, Wednesday, Sept. 26 Place: Room 161 Noyes Lab

  3. MCB100 Exam 1 Fall 2018 Practice Exam 1 has been updated. To find the link to the practice exam, go to:www.life.illinois.edu/mcb/100 - Click on: “Exam Information” - Scroll down to find the link to the practice exam. (It downloads as a MS Word Document.)

  4. Do you have a conflict for Exam 1, which is scheduled for 2 – 2:50 pm on Friday 9/28/2018? Contact Dr. Chapman by e-mail: kenchap.life.illinois.edu What is the nature of your conflict? The conflict exam will be given at 3 pm on Thursday, 9/27/18 in room 242 Burrill Hall. Does that fit into your schedule? (It's possible to do it earlier in the day but it's more difficult to find a quiet room where a student can take an exam when the lab is being used by a class.)Conflict exams must be taken before the rest of the class takes the test. Sick on the day of the exam? Don’t come and fail the test because you feel so bad you can’t think. See a doctor and take care of your health. Also get an excuse note. There are no make-up exams in MCB100, but in the event of illness or unexpected circumstances your score can be prorated. If you take a test, your score will be counted as it is. You can’t take a test and later decide you’d rather have your score prorated.

  5. Proteins – polymers of amino acids held together by peptide bonds Lipids – amphipathic molecules that form the matrix of cell membranes – fatty acids and glycerol components are held together by ester bonds Polysaccharides (also known as complex carbohydrates) – polymers of sugars held together by glycosidic bonds Nucleic Acids – polymers of nucleotides held together by phosphodiester bonds

  6. Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides DNA A double stranded molecule that can be up to 100 million base pairs long. DNA is the genetic material in all cellular life forms. A chromosome contains a single large molecule of DNA. A chromosome can carry enough information to encode thousands of genes. EXAMPLE: E. coli chromosome is about 4 million base pairs long and about 5000 genes. RNA mRNA: carries genetic information to direct synthesis of 1 – a few proteins rRNA: part of the structure of the ribosome, which makes new proteins tRNA: facilitates the correct alignment of amino acids for protein synthesis Nucleotides dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP are precursors of DNA synthesis ATP, CTP, UTP and GTP are precursors of RNA synthesis and are also energy rich molecules that are used to assist in pushing biosynthetic reactions

  7. Which one of the following statements about ATP is false? A. A molecule of ATP contains 3 atoms of phosphorous. B. All living cells must have some way of making or acquiring ATP. C. ATP can be used as a precursor (starting material) for RNA synthesis. D. ATP is a tripeptide consisting of Alanine-Threonine-Proline. E. ATP is the principal, short-term, recyclable energy supply for cells.

  8. The Structure of DNA The two strands of double stranded DNA are held together bycomplementary hydrogen-bonding between the bases. Thymine pairs with Adenine forming 2 hydrogen bonds Cytosine pair with Guanine forming 3 hydrogen bonds

  9. Watson-Crick Base Pairs in Double-stranded DNA

  10. Which ONE of the following statements about nucleotides and nucleic acids is FALSE? A. The nucleotides seen in both DNA and RNA contain 5-carbon sugar groups. B. The energy-rich molecule ATP is a nucleotide. C. Phosphate is an essential element for the synthesis of DNA and RNA. D. Each nucleotide in both DNA and RNA contains at least one atom of sulfur. E. DNA is a double stranded polymer of nucleotides.

  11. Here is another diagram showing the antiparallel nature of a double-stranded nucleic acid. What type of nucleic acid is illustrated here? A. Amino Acid B. Fatty Acid C. Carboxylic Acid D. DNA E. RNA

  12. Electronegativity of Common Elements Found in Biological Molecules H C N O P S 2.1 2.5 3.0 3.5 2.1 2.5

  13. DNA – Protein Interactions Some DNA-binding proteins are involved with the regulation of gene expression. A zinc-finger is a motif or fold seen in some DNA binding proteins. Functional groups on the alpha helices of the protein stick to functional groups in the major groove of the DNA double helix. Zinc finger-DNA. Note three alpha helices pointing into the major groove, each recognizing 3 bp of DNA. The Zinc binding domain is a structural element for protein folding, not directly involved in DNA binding.From: kahn@biochem.umd.edu

  14. Making a polysaccharide (or a protein, ora nucleic acid) by joining together many simple sugar molecules (or amino acids, or nucleotides) releases water. (Dehydration synthesis) Breaking down a polysaccharide into simple sugars (or a protein to amino acids, or RNA to nucleotides consumes water. Thus the digestion of starch or other biological polymers is called hydrolysis. hydro- (G): water -lysis (G): break down (see figure 2.11 on page 35)

  15. Bonds that join biological polymers - Ester joins a carboxylic acid to an alcohol, seen in the attachment of fatty acids to glycerol to make fats and lipids - Amide (peptide) joins a carboxylic acid to an amino group, seen in the union of amino acids to form proteins

  16. Bonds that join biological polymers - Phosphoester and phosphodiester joins a phosphoric acid group to an alcohol, seen in nucleic acids - Glycosidic joins a hemiacetal group on a cyclized sugar to an alcohol, seen in the joining of sugars to form disaccharides and polysaccharides

  17. Chirality

  18. A chiral center will occur wherever there is a carbon atom with 4 single bonds to 4 different functional groups. Most sugars seen in living organisms are found in the D conformation. All amino acids incorporated into proteins are L form. Sometimes bacteria use L sugars or D amino acids, but not in typical polysaccharides or proteins. Bacterial cell walls often contain D-alanine or D-glutamic acid but these amino acids are never used in proteins.

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