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Ch 40 Excretory

Ch 40 Excretory . AP lecture . Functions . Regulate the volume of fluids in thebody Regulate the overall solute concentration; osmolarity of the extracellular fluid within a narrow range Maintain individual solutes at appropriate concentrations

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Ch 40 Excretory

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  1. Ch 40 Excretory AP lecture

  2. Functions • Regulate the volume of fluids in thebody • Regulate the overall solute concentration; osmolarity of the extracellular fluid within a narrow range • Maintain individual solutes at appropriate concentrations • Eliminate toxic nitrogenous waste produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism

  3. Osmotic equilibrium • Osmoregulators • Actively regulate the osmolarity of their extracellular fluids • Osmoconformers • Allow their extracellular fluids to equilibrate with seawater

  4. Conformers vs. Regulators • Two evolutionary paths for organisms • regulate internal environment • maintain relatively constant internal conditions • conform to external environment • allow internal conditions to fluctuate along with external changes regulator regulator conformer conformer

  5. Osmoregulation hypotonic • Water balance • freshwater • hypotonic • water flow into cells & salt loss • saltwater • hypertonic • water loss from cells • land • dry environment • need to conserve water • may also need to conserve salt hypertonic Why do all land animals have to conserve water? • always lose water (breathing & waste) • may lose life while searching for water

  6. Nitrogenous waste • Toxic and must be eliminated from the body • Ammonia (NH3) excretion simple • Converts into urea • Mammals lose a lot of water in order to rid the body of urea in the urine

  7. H O H | | | –C– C–OH N | H R Intracellular Waste • What waste products? • what do we digest our food into… • carbohydrates = CHO • lipids = CHO • proteins = CHON • nucleic acids = CHOPN  CO2 +H2O  CO2 +H2O  CO2 +H2O + N  CO2 +H2O + P + N CO2 + H2O NH2= ammonia

  8. Kidney • Main excretory organ of vertebrates • Functional unit is the nephron • Filters blood and absorbs salts and glucose • Two kidneys • Filters blood and makes urine • Release urine to the ureter • Ureter leads to the urinary bladder

  9. Mammalian Kidney inferiorvena cava aorta adrenal gland kidney nephron ureter renal vein& artery epithelialcells bladder urethra

  10. Dialysis

  11. http://www.muschealth.com/video/Default.aspx?videoId=10098&cId=24&type=relhttp://www.muschealth.com/video/Default.aspx?videoId=10098&cId=24&type=rel

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