Unit 3 Structure

1. Unit 3Structure Section. 1 Parts and the whole

2. consist of(إشملْه) contain (يَحتوي) include(تضمّنْ) A house consists of walls, a roof, floors, doors and windows. (These are parts of the house) A house contains rooms. (The rooms are inside the house). A room consists of walls, a ceiling, a floor, a window and a door / doors. (These are the parts of the room) A room often contains furniture. (Furniture is inside the room) A classroom consists of walls, a ceiling, a floor, a window and a door. (These are the parts of the classroom) A classroom often contains chairs, a table and a board. (These are inside the classroom) A milk bottle consists of a glass cylinder, a flat base, a tapering neck and a lid. (These are parts of bottle) It contains milk. (Milk is inside the bottle) A gas-jar consists of a glass cylinder, a flat and a lid. (These are parts of cylinder) It contains gas. (Gas is inside the cylinder)

3. Carbon atom An atom of carbon consists of electrons and empty space. It contains a nucleus in the centre. The nucleus consists of neutrons and protons.

4. Include A house consists of, walls, doors, windows and roofs. A house contains rooms. The rooms in a house include a bedroom, a sitting room and a bathroom. (These are some of the different kinds of room). Furniture includes chairs, tables, beds, cupboards etc. The rooms in a school include classrooms, office, bathroom, labs etc.

5. Solar System The solar system consists of the Sun and planets. Planets include the Earth, Mars, Venus…

6. Chemical substances. (consist of, include) Chemical substances elements compounds Fe O H etc Co2 H2SO4 etc Chemical substances consist of elements and compounds. Elements include………………………………………….. Compounds include …………………………………

7. Consist, include, contain Matter consists of organic substances and inorganic substances. Organic substances include coal and oil Inorganic substances include iron and sulphur. Organic substances contain carbon. Inorganic substances do not contain cabon. ………………… …………… ………………. ……. ……. ….… ….… ………….. ………………

8. Correct the statements. (The Earth) The Earth consists of a core and an atmosphere. (F) Crust is the part of Earth’s structure. (T) Other parts include the mental, the core and the Sun. (F) The core contains the Earth. (F) The atmosphere contains gases. (T)

9. Section .2 The connection(الإتّصال) between partsconnected(مُرتَبِطُ) attached(ملحقُ) detached(مَفْصُولُ) • The rectangle is connected to the square by the line. • The triangle is attached to the rectangle. • The circle is detached from the square • A car consists of body, seats, an engine, axels. • The front of this car contains the engine. • The wheels are connected by the axels. • The wheels are attached to the axels. • The wheels are detached from the body. • Different kinds of car include Mercedes, Toyota etc.

10. Joined to (نضمَّ إلى) supported by(مدعوم من قبل)fixed to(ثابت إلى) fitted over(مُلائَمِ على) leads to(لأدلّةِ إلى) The branch of a tree is joined to the trunk. The branches are supported by the trunk. The head of hammer is fixed to the handle. The rubber tube is fitted over the glass tube. The wire leads from the switch to bulb.

11. Description of the house. This house consists of walls, windows, doors, roof and floor. It contains rooms. The rooms include bedroom, living-room etc The roof is supported by walls. The walls are attached to the floor. The house is shaped like a cube. The windows are situated on the walls.

12. Describe the table This table consists of top and legs. The legs are fixed to the top. The top is supported by the legs. The top is shaped like a rectangle.

13. Describe the light bulb This light bulb consists of plug and glass bulb. It contains wires and filament. It is shaped like a sphere. Plug is attached to the glass bulb. Filament is connected to the plug by the wires. H.W. Describe the Bunsen burner ,

14. The apparatus for preparing hydrogen The apparatus for preparing hydrogen consists of a flask, a gas-jar, a beehive shelf, a trough, a delivery tube and a thistle funnel. The flask is spherical and has a flat bottom. It contains zinc and hydrochloric acid. The thistle tube and the delivery tube are fitted into the neck of the flask. They are held in place by a two-holed cork. The thistle tube leads down to the hydrochloric acid. The delivery tube leads from the flask to the hole in the beehive shelf. The beehive shelf is placed in the middle of the trough. The trough contains water. The gas-jar is supported by the beehive shelf. Hydrogen is collected at the top; of the gas-jar.

15. The apparatus for preparing hydrogen consists of a flask, a gas-jar, a beehive shelf, a trough, a delivery tube and a thistle funnel. The flask is spherical and has a flat bottom. It contains zinc and hydrochloric acid. The thistle tube and the delivery tube are fitted into the neck of the flask. They are held in place by a two-holed cork. The thistle tube leads down to the hydrochloric acid. The delivery tube leads from the flask to the hole in the beehive shelf. The beehive shelf is placed inthemiddle of the trough. The trough contains water. The gas-jar is supported by the beehive shelf. Hydrogen is collected at the top of the gas-jar. The apparatus for preparing sulphur dioxide consists of a flask, a gas-jar, a bottle, two delivery tubes, tripod burner and a thistle funnel. The flask is placed on a tripod and the burner is under the flask to give heat. The bottle contains Sodium sulphate and hydrochloric acid. The thistle tube and the delivery tube are fitted into the neck of the flask. They are held in place by a two-holed cork. The thistle tube leads down to the hydrochloric acid. The delivery tube leads from the flask to the bottle. The bottle is placed on the block of wood. The bottle contains sulphuric acid. Another delivery tube leads from bottle to the gas-jar The gas-jar is covered with a cardboard. Sulphuric acid is collected in the gas-jar.

16. Underline the red words then describe the apparatus for preparing sulphur dioxide. The apparatus for preparing hydrogen consists of a flask, a gas-jar, a beehive shelf, a trough, a delivery tube and a thistle funnel. The flask is spherical and has a flat bottom. It contains zinc and hydrochloric acid. The thistle tube and the delivery tube are fitted into the neck of the flask. They are held in place by a two-holed cork. The thistle tube leads down to the hydrochloric acid. The delivery tube leads from the flask to the hole in the beehive shelf. The beehive shelf is placed inthemiddle of the trough. The trough contains water. The gas-jar is supported by the beehive shelf. Hydrogen is collected at the top of the gas-jar.

17. Read the model paragraph to write the same at home The apparatus for preparing sulphur dioxide consists of a flask, a gas-jar, a bottle, two delivery tubes, tripod burner and a thistle funnel. The flask is placed on a tripod and the burner is under the flask to give heat. The bottle contains Sodium sulphate and hydrochloric acid. The thistle tube and the delivery tube are fitted into the neck of the flask. They are held in place by a two-holed cork. The thistle tube leads down to the hydrochloric acid. The delivery tube leads from the flask to the bottle. The bottle is placed on the block of wood. The bottle contains sulphuric acid. Another delivery tube leads from bottle to the gas-jar The gas-jar is covered with a cardboard. Sulphuric acid is collected in the gas-jar.

19. Section 3 Composition. A Book. A book consists of pages and a cover. It contains words and pictures. The pages are made of paper and the cover is made of paper or cardboard. is made of (يُصْنَعُ منه)

20. Composition. Make questions and answers. What does a hammer consist of? It consists of a head and a handle. What is it made of? It is made of metal and wood. A Hammer A hammer consists of a head and a handle. It is made of metal and wood.

21. Make questions and answers. a blackboard wooden bard wooden frame What does a blackboard consist of? It consists of a board and a frame. What is it made of? It is made of wood A blackboard A blackboard consists of a board and a frame. It is made of wood.

22. Make questions and answers. A Magnifying Glass a metal frame a glass lens a metal handle What does a magnifying glass consist of? A magnifying glass consists of a frame, a lens and a handle. What is it made of? It is made of metal and glass. A magnifying glass consists of a frame, a lens and a handle. It is made of metal and glass.

23. Make questions and answers.

24. Look and read. vv This square is divided into triangles.(منقسم إلى) The circle is surrounded by stars. (مُحاط مِن قِبل) The tyre is filled with air. (مَلأَ مَع) The body of a car is covered with paint. (مغطى ب)

25. Answer these questions. What is a chess-board divided into? (squares) What is it made of? (wood) What is living matter divided into? (cells) What is the nucleus of a cell surrounded by?(cytoplasm) What is the cytoplasm covered with? (membrane) What is a lake surrounded by? (land) What is a cheese sandwich filled with? (cheese) What are our bodies covered with? (skin and hair)

26. Wheter these statements are true or false? Correct the fasle statements. • The diagram shows a dry cell in cross-section. (F) longitudinal-section. • A dry cell is cylindrical in shape. (T) • The electrolyte is situated in the centre of the cell. (F) between the absorbent paper and carbon rod. • The carbon rod is surrounded by the electrolyte. (T) • The tin layer between the casing and the electrolyte is made of paper. (T) • The cell is covered with absorbent paper.(F) Zinc casing • The biggest part of the cell is filled wit electrolyte. (T)

27. Section 4 Reading. • Read the text. Then say which of these titles is most suitable and why: • The Earth’s crust. • The properties of Earth. • The contents of Earth. • The structure of the Earth.

28. The Earth is a solid sphere. The Earth is a solid sphere. It is made up of three concentric(مركزي) spheres or layers. (الطبقات) These are called the core, the mantle and the crust. The solid sphere is surrounded by a gaseous sphere, which is called the atmosphere. What is the Earth? What is it made of? What are the names of layers? What is the Earth surrounded by? What is the atmosphere?

29. The crust of the Earth Crust is the ……….…it is very………… How thick is the crust under the ocean? ……………………………………on the land? What does it consist of? What do the rocks contain? What are the compounds of minerals called? We know most about the crust of the Earth which is the outermost sphere. This layer is very thin compared with(قَارنَ مَع) the diameter (القطر) of the whole Earth. It is only about 10 km thick under the ocean and about 30 km thick on land. It consists of rock which contains a lot of minerals. These are usually in compounds called oxides, containing oxygen, or sulphides, containing sulphur.

30. The mental is….. The mantle is much thicker than the crust. It is about 300 km thick. It consists mainly of rocks, but we do not know much about their composition. What is the thickness of mental? What does it consist of?

31. The core is situated inside the mental. Ask short questions about each information in the paragraph as we did in the previous paragraphs. The core, which is situated, inside the mantle, seems to be divided into two parts. The inner core is about 2800 km in diameter. We believe that it is mainly composed of(متكوّن من) iron, but it also contains about 10 % nickel. The layer surrounding the inner core is called the outer core and is approximately 2000 km thick. It is probably composed of molten iron and nickel. However, the metals in the inner core seem to be rigid, and therefore(ولذا) solid. This is because they are under very high pressure, which causes solidification in spite of(بالرغم مِنْ) the high temperatures at the centre of the Earth.

32. Whether these statements are true or false? • The core is spherical in shape? ( T ) • We know more about the composition of the crust than the composition of the mantle.( T ) • The crust consists of minerals. ( F ) • Iron oxide contains s sulphur. ( T ) • The inner core is situated at the centre of the Earth. ( T ) • The outer and inner cores consist of iron. ( F ) • We know that the inner core is solid while the outer core is liquid. ( F ) • At the centre of the Earth, temperature and pressure are both very high. ( T )

33. Make similar notes about other parts of the Earth Name : inner core Location: at the centre of the Earth. Measurement: diameter approximately 2800 km. Composition: solid iron and nickel Other properties: very hot, high pressure, rigid Name : crust Location: outer layer Measurement: 10 km under ocean and 30 km on land Composition: rocks Other properties: contains oxides.