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CE 120 Introduction to Civil Engineering

CE 120 Introduction to Civil Engineering. Geotechnical Engineering L. Sebastian Bryson University of Kentucky. ground. Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering. All Civil Engineering begins with Geotechnical Engineering. Definitions.

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CE 120 Introduction to Civil Engineering

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  1. CE 120 Introduction to Civil Engineering Geotechnical Engineering L. Sebastian Bryson University of Kentucky

  2. ground Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering • All Civil Engineering begins with Geotechnical Engineering

  3. Definitions • Soil mechanics is a discipline that applies the principles of engineering mechanics to soils to predict the mechanical behavior of soil. • Geotechnical Engineering is the branch of civil engineering that deals with soil, rock, and underground water, and their relation to the design construction and operation of engineering projects (Coduto 1998)

  4. Typical Geotechnical Project Geo-Laboratory~ for testing Design Office~ for design & analysis soil properties design details soil samples construction site

  5. Geotechnical Applications

  6. firm ground bed rock Shallow Foundations ~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground ~ mostly for firm soils or light loads

  7. Shallow Foundations

  8. Foundation Systems • Designing of Shallow Foundations Systems – Bearing Capacity Failure Transcona Grain Elevator (from Budhu 2000)

  9. Foundation Systems • Designing of Shallow Foundation Systems – Differential Settlement Leaning Tower of Pisa

  10. weak soil bed rock Deep Foundations ~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground P I L E ~ mostly for weak soils or heavy loads

  11. Foundation Systems Deep Foundation Systems: Driven Piles

  12. Driven timber piles, Pacific Highway Deep Foundations

  13. Foundation Systems Deep Foundation Systems: Drilled Shafts

  14. Road Train retaining wall Retaining Walls ~ Prevent soils from from spreading laterally

  15. Earth Pressure and Retaining Walls • Reinforced Earth Walls (The Reinforced Wall Company 2003)

  16. Retaining Structure Systems • Gavions (Gaviones LEMAC (2003)

  17. Retaining Structure Systems • Tie-backs (Boulanger and Duncan 2003)

  18. Retaining Structure Systems Soil Nailing: steel rods placed into holes drilled into the walls and grouted

  19. Retaining Structure Systems • Excavation Support Systems

  20. warehouse ship sheet pile Sheet Piles ~ sheets of interlocking steel or timber driven into the ground, forming a continuous sheet

  21. Sheet Piles ~ resist lateral earth pressures ~ used in temporary works ~ used in excavations, waterfront structures

  22. Sheet Pile Walls (Boulanger and Duncan 2003)

  23. Cofferdam ~ sheet pile walls enclosing an area, to prevent water seeping in

  24. Tunneling

  25. reservoir clay core shell soil Earth Dams ~ for impounding water

  26. Landslides

  27. Earthworks ~ preparing the ground prior to construction Roadwork, Pacific Highway

  28. Geofabrics used on Pacific Highway Geofabrics ~ used for reinforcement, separation, filtration and drainage in roads, retaining walls, embankments…

  29. Geosynthetics • Geosynthetic stabilized walls (kshitija.wordpress.com 2007) (Environmental Science & Engineering 2007)

  30. Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls ~ using geofabrics to strengthen the soil

  31. Geoenvironmental Engineering • Characterization and remediation of Geo-environmental hazards MSW Landfill (from Willmer 2001) (from Norwegian Geotechnical Institute 2001)

  32. Geoenvironmental Engineering Waste Disposal in Landfills

  33. Instrumentation ~ to monitor the performances of earth and earth supported structures ~ to measure loads, pressures, deformations, strains

  34. Vane Shear Test Standard Penetration Test Soil Testing

  35. Soil Testing Cone Penetration Testing

  36. Triaxial Test on Soil Sample in Laboratory Soil Testing

  37. GeoHazards Challenges

  38. Geotechnical Engineering Problems • How will the groundwater conditions impact the engineering project? Teton Dam Failure (1975)

  39. Geotechnical Engineering Problems • What will be the impact of excavations, grading, or filling? • Collapse of NicollHighway,Singapore, 2004

  40. Geotechnical Engineering Problems • Are natural or proposed earth slope stable? (from Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, 2001)

  41. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering • Effects of earthquakes 1964 Niigata Earthquake1967 Caracas Earthquake (from Kramer – www.ce.washington.edu 1996) (from Alshibli 2001)

  42. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering • Effects of earthquakes 1995 Kobe Earthquake1999 Chi Chi Earthquake (Boulanger and Duncan 2006)

  43. GeoSolutions Solutions

  44. Ground Improvement Impact Roller to Compact the Ground

  45. Ground Improvement Sheepsfoot Roller to Compact Clay Soils

  46. Craters formed in compaction Ground Improvement Big weights dropped from 25 m, compacting the ground.

  47. Soil Improvement • Stone Columns (Boulanger and Duncan 2003)

  48. Soil Improvement • Jet Grouting (Boulanger and Duncan 2003)

  49. Soil Improvement • Compaction Grouting (Boulanger and Duncan 2003)

  50. Soil Improvement • Chemical Injection (Boulanger and Duncan 2003)

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