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Structure and Function of Macromolecules

Structure and Function of Macromolecules. Chapter 5: Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates function in a number of ways to living things. Simple sugars (glucose) are the primary energy source. Complex sugar (polysaccharides) have role in storage of energy (starch in plants; glycogen in animals)

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Structure and Function of Macromolecules

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  1. Structure and Function of Macromolecules Chapter 5: Carbohydrates

  2. Carbohydrates function in a number of ways to living things • Simple sugars (glucose) are the primary energy source. • Complex sugar (polysaccharides) have role in storage of energy (starch in plants; glycogen in animals) • Complex sugars also play a role structurally. Ex: Cellulose in plant cell walls, Chitin found in exoskeletons of insects and arthropods.

  3. Simple sugars Complex sugars Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides Oligosaccharides Aldoses Ketoses Structural Energy stores Sucrose Lactose Maltose Cellulose & Chitin Glucose Galactose Ribose Deoxyribose Fructose Animals Plants Glycogen Starch Carbohydrates (sugars; CH2O)

  4. Simple sugars: Monosaccharides can be separated into two types; Ketoses and Aldose Can also be classified by length: 3 Carbon =Triose 4 Carbon = Tetrose 5 Carbon = Pentose 6 Carbon = Hexose

  5. Monosaccharides exist in two forms that are in equilibrium

  6. Disaccharides form trough condensation (dehydration) reactions

  7. Polysaccharides may be composed on hundreds of individual monomers, linked in various ways

  8. Two important polysaccharide storage forms of glucose: STARCH and GLYCOGEN

  9. Structural Polysaccharides: Chitin and Cellulose CELLULOSE (plants only)

  10. Chitin • Chitin makes up the hard exoskeleton of insects and arthropods • Also, makes up a dissolvable surgical thread

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