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Hemoglobin Levels

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Hemoglobin Levels

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  1. Ofallthebloodtestsavailableforfemalepatients,oneofthemostimportantishemoglobin.In additiontohelpingdetectseveralotherhealthconditions,thissimpletestcanidentifyanemia,which iscommonamong—andpotentiallyproblematicfor—womenthroughouttheirlives. TheImportanceofHemoglobininWomen’sHealth April22,2021 GeneralNews . Ofallthebloodtestsavailableforfemalepatients,oneofthemostimportantis hemoglobin.Inadditiontohelpingdetectseveralotherhealthconditions,thissimple testcanidentifyanemia,whichiscommonamong—andpotentiallyproblematicfor— womenthroughouttheirlives.Infact,theauthorsofa2018studypublishedinExpert ReviewofHematologystatethataniron-de?cientstatecanhaveprofounde?ectsona woman’sphysicalandemotionalhealthandwell-being. 1   Yet,thestudyauthorsadd,despiteanemiabeingsoprevalentamongwomen,the

  2. conditionisunderdiagnosedandundertreated,whichcanleadtoseriouscomplications.conditionisunderdiagnosedandundertreated,whichcanleadtoseriouscomplications. Incaseofsaleofyourpersonalinformation,youmayoptoutbyusingthelinkDonotsellmypersonal information. Cookiesettings Weusecookiesonourwebsitetogiveyouthemostrelevantexperiencebyrememberingyour preferencesandrepeatvisits.Byclicking“Accept”,youconsenttotheuseofALLthecookies.   Let’stakealookatsomeofthemostcommonquestionsabouthemoglobin,including theroleitplaysinwomen’shealth,whatabnormallevelscanindicateandwhyit’s importanttostayontopofyourpatients’numbers. ACCEPT . Q:Whatishemoglobin? A:Hemoglobinisaniron-richproteincontainedinredbloodcells.Inadditiontogiving blooditsredcolor,hemoglobinmakesitpossibleforredbloodcellstotransportoxygen fromthelungsthroughoutthebody.Italsoallowscarbondioxidetobetransportedfrom thebodytothelungs,whereit’sexhaled. 2   Tomanufacturehemoglobinanditscarriers,redbloodcells,thebodyneedsadequate amountsofiron,aswellasfolate,vitaminB-??andothernutrients,theMayoClinic reports. 2   Q:Howishemoglobinmeasured? A:WhileastandardCBCisoftenusedtomeasurehemoglobinlevels,othertestsare

  3. availablethatgiveaccurate,speci?creadingsonthespot—novenipunctureneeded,availablethatgiveaccurate,speci?creadingsonthespot—novenipunctureneeded, andnowaitingforlabresults.TheHemoCue®Hb801System,forexample,includes point-of-careteststhatgatherbloodsamplesviaa?ngerstickandmicrocuvette.The microcuvetteistheninsertedintotheanalyzer,whichdisplaysresultsinlessthanone second.   Whilerangesfornormalhemoglobinlevelscanvaryabitaccordingtospeci?clabsor medicalpractices,theMayoCliniccitesthefollowingasgeneralguidelines: •Fornonpregnantwomen:12.0–15.5g/dL •Formen:13.5–17.5g/dL 3   Q:Whyisitimportanttotesthemoglobin? A:AccordingtotheU.S.NationalLibraryofMedicineattheNationalInstitutesofHealth, abnormalhemoglobinlevelsdonotalwaysindicateamedicalproblem,ashighorlow numberscanbecausedbyfairlyinnocuousfactors,suchasapatient’sactivitylevel,diet, medicationsormenstrualcycle.Evenlivingatahighaltitudecancauseabnormallevels.   However,highorlowlevelscanalsoindicatemoreseriousmedicalconditions,including liverorheartdisease,canceror,asmentionedabove,anemia. 4

  4. . Q:Isanemiamorecommonamongwomen? A:AccordingtotheO?ceonWomen’sHealthattheU.S.DepartmentofHealth&Human Services,anemiadoesa?ectmorewomenthanmen.Theriskofanemiaishighestfor womenwhoarepregnantorwhohaveheavymenstrualperiods:Theconditionoccursin oneofeverysixpregnantwomen,whileupto5percentofwomenofchildbearingage becomeanemicbecauseofheavymenstrualbleeding.Havinguterine?broidscanalso causeanemiaduetotheheavymenstrualbleedingassociatedwiththecondition,the ClevelandClinicreports. 5 6   Becauseanemiaiscommonduringpregnancy,theAmericanCollegeofObstetricians andGynecologistsstatesthatwomentypicallyreceiveaCBC,whichcontainsa hemoglobintest,aspartoftheirroutineobstetriccare. 7 . Q:Whattypesofmedicalconditionsare associatedwithanemia? A:AccordingtotheMayoClinic,untreatedanemia canleadtoseveralconditions,somepotentially dangerous.Thoseincludeseverefatigue, arrhythmias,anenlargedheartandheartfailure.   2

  5. Pregnantwomenwithuntreatedanemiahavean increasedriskforpretermdeliveryanddelivering alow-birthweightbaby,theCentersforDisease ControlandPreventionreports.Postpartum hemorrhage(PPH)isthemajorcauseofmaternal mortalityandmorbidityworldwide,andtherisk ofPPHisincreasedbyanemia.   Q:Whatcanlowhemoglobinlevelsindicate? A:Whilesomepeoplecanhaveaslightlylowhemoglobincountwithoutillness (menstruatingorpregnantwomen,forexample),lowerlevelsofhemoglobincanbe associatedwithcertainmedications,suchaschemotherapydrugsandthoseusedto treatHIV,theMayoClinicreports.Somemedicalconditionscanalsocausealow hemoglobincount,includingthefollowing:10 •Bloodloss •Cancer •Cirrhosis •Hypothyroidism •In?ammatoryboweldisease •Kidneydisease •Leadpoisoning •Rheumatoidarthritis •Sicklecellanemia •Thalassemia 8 9 . . . . Q:Whatcanhighhemoglobinlevelsindicate? A:AccordingtotheMayoClinic,highhemoglobincountsmostoftenre?ectthebody’s needforanincreasedoxygen-carryingcapacity,suchasduetosmokingorlivingatahigh altitude.Otherconditionsthatcancauseelevatedhemoglobinlevelsincludethe following:11 .

  6. •Congenitalheartdisease •COPDexacerbation •Dehydration •Emphysema •Heartfailure •Kidneyorlivercancer •Polycythemiavera . . Wehopethisprimerhashelpedtoreinforcetheimportanceofhemoglobinandtherole itplaysinyourpatients’healthandwell-being.Itmaybeatinyprotein,butit’sgotgiant e?ects,anddeservestobeatthetopofyourhealthcarechecklist. Footnotes: 1Mirza,FadiG.,etal.“ImpactandManagementofIronDe?ciencyandIronDe?ciencyAnemiain Women’sHealth.”ExpertReviewofHematology,vol.11,no.9,Sept.2018,pp.727–36.Taylorand Francis+NEJM,doi:??.????/????????.????.???????. 2“Anemia-SymptomsandCauses.”MayoClinic,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases- conditions/anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-????????.AccessedMar.2021. 3HemoglobinTest.MayoClinic,https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hemoglobin- test/about/pac-????????.AccessedMar.2021. 4HemoglobinTest.MedlinePlus,https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-test/.AccessedMar. 2021. 5“Iron-De?ciencyAnemia.”Womenshealth.Gov,17Feb.2017,https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z- topics/iron-de?ciency-anemia. 6“Anemia:Symptoms,Types,Causes,Risks,Treatment&Management.”ClevelandClinic, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/????-anemia.AccessedMar.2021. 7RoutineTestsDuringPregnancy,https://www.acog.org/en/womens-health/faqs/routine-tests- during-pregnancy.AccessedMar.2021. 8RecommendationstoPreventandControlIronDe?ciencyintheUnitedStates, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/????????.htm.AccessedMar.2021. 9WilliamD.Fraser,MichaelS.Kramer,“LaborandDelivery.”WomenandHealth,2000 10“LowHemoglobinCountCauses.”MayoClinic,https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/low- hemoglobin/basics/de?nition/sym-????????.AccessedMar.2021. 11“HighHemoglobinCountCauses.”MayoClinic,https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/high- hemoglobin-count/basics/de?nition/sym-????????.AccessedMar.2021.

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