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Stages of Language Acquisition: From Pre-linguistic to Fluent Speech

Explore the theories of first language acquisition and learn about the stages children go through, from babbling to telegraphic speech to fluent speech. Also, discover the different theories of second language learning.

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Stages of Language Acquisition: From Pre-linguistic to Fluent Speech

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  1. Psycholinguisticsby Mariana De Lucamariana.deluca@cms.k12.nc.us

  2. Theories First Language Acquisition

  3. Do Children Learn through Imitation?

  4. Do Children Learn through Correction and Reinforcement?

  5. Pre-linguistic stage (birth to six months): The baby cries, coos, laughs, and makes other sounds. • Babbling (six to 12 months): The baby makes nonspecific sounds from all human languages. • One-word (holophrastic) stage (1 year): The child speaks single words in isolation, in his or her first language. • Two-word stage (24 months): The child forms two-word phrases or strings that reflect the language being acquired. The vocabulary increases; the child begins to learn words at the rate of one word every two waking hours. • Telegraphic speech (30 months): Children begin to utter short phrases like telegraph messages, without formal grammatical structure. • Fluent speech (three years +): The child learns grammar and syntax (patterns of sentence formation) with surprising rapidity and accuracy; sentences increase in length and complexity. Stages in Language Aquisition

  6. Pre-linguistic Stage

  7. Brrrr, brrrr, bbbb, dadada, lala… Babbling

  8. Up! Down! Cheerios! Holophrastic or Word Stage

  9. Hi Mommy! More wet Bye bye boat Two Word Stage

  10. Cat stand up table • What that? • Andrew want that. • No sit there. • Ride truck • Show mommy that Telegraphic Stage

  11. I like to play with something else Look mommy, how I climb I know what to do Language Explosion

  12. The Acquisition of Pragmatics

  13. Behaviorist Cognitive Constructivist Theories of Second Language Learning

  14. Bilingualism vs. Second Language Acquisition

  15. Acquisition – Learning Hypothesis • Monitor Hypothesis • Natural Order Hypothesis • Input Hypothesis • Affective Filter Hypothesis An Innatist Model: Krashen’s Input Hypothesis

  16. Behaviorist • Language from dialogues, and drills from teachers • Structured by grammatical complexity • Similar proficiency levels • Structured repetitions and drills • Students repeat immediately • Errors corrected immediately Cognitive • Natural language from the teacher, classmates or books • Unstructured but made comprehensible by teacher • Similar proficiency levels • Language production is expected to occur naturally • Silent period • Errors not corrected Constructivist • Natural language from the teacher, classmates or books • Unstructured but focused on communication • ELL and native speakers • Speaking occurs naturally • No pressure to speak • Meaning negotiated Instructional Implications

  17. From “Principles of Language Learning and Teaching” • Transfer, Interference, overgeneralization (pp.102,103) • Zone of Proximal Development (p.13) • Fossilization (p.270) • Codeswitching (p.139) • Interlanguage (p.256) Key terms

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