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Overview of HIV and infant feeding

17/1. Overview of HIV and infant feeding. After completing this session participants will be able to: explain the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV describe factors which influence mother-to-child transmission

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Overview of HIV and infant feeding

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  1. 17/1 Overview of HIV and infant feeding • After completing this session participants will be able to: • explain the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV • describe factors which influence mother-to-child transmission • outline approaches that can prevent mother-to-child transmission through safer infant feeding practices • state infant feeding recommendations for women who are HIV-positive and for women who are HIV-negative or do not know their status

  2. 17/2 Defining HIV and AIDS • HIV • Human immunodeficiency virus is the virus that causes AIDS • AIDS • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is the active pathological condition that follows the earlier, non-symptomatic state of being • HIV-positive

  3. 17/3 Mother-to-child transmission of HIV • Young children who get HIV are usually infected through their mother • during pregnancy across the placenta • at the time of labour and birth through blood and secretions • through breastfeeding • This is called mother-to-child transmission of HIV or MTCT

  4. 17/4 Estimated risk and timing of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in the absence of interventions • Timing of MTCT of HIV Transmission Rate • During pregnancy 5-10% • During labour and delivery 10-15% • During breastfeeding 5-20% • _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ • Overall without breastfeeding 15-25% • Overall with breastfeeding to 6 months 20-35% • Overall with breastfeeding to 18–24 months 30-45%

  5. 17/5 100 mothers and babies

  6. 17/5b 1000 mothers and babies

  7. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 17/6 100 mothers and babies

  8. 17/6b 1000 mothers and babies

  9. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 17/7 100 mothers and babies

  10. 17/7b 1000 mothers and babies

  11. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 17/8 100 mothers and babies

  12. 17/8b 1000 mothers and babies

  13. 17/9 100 mothers and babies

  14. 17/9b 1000 mothers and babies

  15. 17/10 20 babies

  16. 17/11 20 babies

  17. 17/12 20 babies

  18. 17/13 Factors which affect mother-to-child transmission of HIV • Recent infection with HIV • Severity of disease • Sexually transmitted infections • Obstetric procedures • Duration of breastfeeding • Exclusive breastfeeding or mixed feeding • Condition of the breasts • Condition of the baby’s mouth

  19. 17/14 Policy of supporting breastfeeding • “As a general principle, in all populations, irrespective of HIV infection rates, breastfeeding should continue to be protected, promoted and supported.” HIV and Infant Feeding: a policy statement, developed collaboratively by UNAIDS, WHO and UNICEF, 1997.

  20. 17/15 Infant feeding recommendations for HIV-positive women • When replacement feeding is acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe, avoidance of all breastfeeding by HIV-infected mothers is recommended • Otherwise, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended during the first months of life

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