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WAVES

1. WAVES. 2. Recognize that all waves transfer energy. Explain the phenomena of reflection, refraction, interference, & diffraction. Relate frequency & wavelength to the energy of different types of electromagnetic waves & mechanical waves. Relate the speed of sound to different mediums.

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WAVES

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  1. 1 WAVES

  2. 2 Recognize that all waves transfer energy. Explain the phenomena of reflection, refraction, interference, & diffraction. Relate frequency & wavelength to the energy of different types of electromagnetic waves & mechanical waves. Relate the speed of sound to different mediums. Explain the Doppler Effect in terms of everyday interactions. Compare and contrast the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical (sound) waves.

  3. 3 Waves • Waves are disturbances that carry energy through matter or space.Clip • Waves can be visible or invisible evidence of energy transfer. • The material does not actually travel with the wave….. only the energy is carried.

  4. Types of Waves 4 Two types of waves: • Mechanical • Non-Mechanical • Mechanical:waves need a medium in order to travel. • Examples: Sound, water • Non-mechanical:waves do not need a medium to travel. • Examples: light, gamma waves, microwaves, x-rays

  5. 5 Mechanical Waves • Waves that require a medium to travel. • A medium is the material a wave travels through • Sound and water. • Light waves are NOT Mechanical Waves.

  6. 6 Ways that waves travel • Transverse waves • Water, light • Longitudinal waves • sound

  7. 7 Transverse Waves • Transverse waves are UP & DOWN movements. • The displacement of individual particles is perpendicular (at right angles) to the direction of the wave. EX: water waves, radio waves (all EM waves)

  8. 8 Describing a Transverse Wave Crest Trough

  9. 9 amplitude The higher the amplitude, the moreenergythe wave is carrying In a longitudinal wave- it’s how tight the compressions are

  10. 10 Frequency & Wavelength • Wavelength • Distance between to identical points on adjacent waves. • Meters • As the wavelength decreases the frequency increases λ • Frequency • Number of waves per second • Hertz

  11. 9 11 Movement of a Transverse Wave CLIP

  12. 12 Example - Water Remember: Energy is transferred ----NOT THE MATTER!--

  13. Longitudinal Waves 13 • Longitudinal waves are a series of PUSHES & PULLS in which the motion of the medium is in the same direction as the wave • Ex. Sound Waves

  14. 14 Characteristics of a Longitudinal (Compressional) Wave

  15. 15 Parts of a Longitudinal wave • Compressions & Rarefactions Rarefaction is a place where the atmospheric pressure is lowest.

  16. 16 Speed of a wave ν =f λ • ν is the velocity (m/s) • f is the frequency (hertz) • λ is the wavelength (m) • The speed of a mechanical waves is constant for any given medium.. • The speed of a wave changes as it moves through differentmedia

  17. 17 Wave interactions with matter Reflection occurs when a wave hits another wave or object that it cannot pass through and bounces back.

  18. 18 Refractionoccurs when a wave passes from one medium to another at an angle and bends (changes direction) due to a change in speed.

  19. 19 Diffraction occurs when a wave passes through an opening and spreads out • Diffraction is a wave phenomenon that is dependent on wavelength • Light waves bend as they pass by the edge of a narrow aperture or slit 

  20. 20 Constructive Interferenceoccurs when two or more waves hit the same point and combine to produce a larger single wave. Destructive Interferenceoccurs when two or more waves hit the same point and combine to produce a smaller single wave.

  21. Constructive Interference

  22. Clip Constructive Interference Destructive Interference

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