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Organophosphate Pesticides Poisoning

Organophosphate Pesticides. Used in agriculture, homes, gardens and veterinary practicesParathion and MalathionAnticholinesterases (cholinesterase inhibitors) block enzyme action and extend the life of each ACh molecule at the synapse200,000 people die of OP poisoning every year in rural and developing countriesUsed often as an agent of suicide.

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Organophosphate Pesticides Poisoning

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    1. Organophosphate Pesticides Poisoning Eric Blackburn Matt Clark Nick Yoakum

    2. Organophosphate Pesticides Used in agriculture, homes, gardens and veterinary practices Parathion and Malathion Anticholinesterases (cholinesterase inhibitors) block enzyme action and extend the life of each ACh molecule at the synapse 200,000 people die of OP poisoning every year in rural and developing countries Used often as an agent of suicide

    3. Symptoms of OP Pesticide Poisoning Severe Exposure Unable to walk Chest discomfort and tightness Constriction of pupils Muscle twitching Involuntary urination and bowel movement Incontinence, unconsciousness and seizures Mild Exposure Headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, stomach cramps and diarrhea Blurred vision and excessive tearing Excessive sweating and salivation Brachycardia (< 50 bpm) Rippling of surface muscles just under the skin (fasciculations)

    4. A Closer Look at ACh Synapses

    5. Atropine is a Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist

    6. Analogy

    7. An autoimmune disease that causes an 80% reduction in number of ACh receptors on post-synapse due to production of an antibody that destroys or blocks the receptor site Symptoms include: A drooping eyelid Blurred or double vision Slurred speech Difficulty chewing and swallowing Weakness in the arms and legs Chronic muscle fatigue Difficulty breathing Myasthenia Gravis “Grave Muscular Weakness”

    9. Anticholinesterase agents such as Mestinon (Pyridostigmine) inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in order to prevent the breakdown of the ACh that has accumulated in the synaptic cleft, this allows as many receptor sites as possible to be activated Since there are fewer ACh receptors in patients with Myasthenia Gravis, more ACh is necessary in order to make their muscles contract Treating MG With Cholinesterase Inhibitors

    10. Bowls, B.J., Freeman, J.M, Luna, J.A., & Meggs, W.J. (2003). Academic Emergency Medicine, 10(3), 286-287. Eddleston, M. Buckley, N., Eyer, P., & Dawson, A. (2008). Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. The Lancet, 371, 597-617. Eddleston, M., Szinicz, L., Eyer, P., & Buckley, N. (2002). Oximes in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning: A systematic review of clinical trials. QJM, 95, 275-283. Eyer, P. & Buckley, N. (2006). Pralidoxime for organophosphate poisoning. The Lancet, 368, 2110-2111. Hoffman, U. & Papendorf, T. (2006). Organophosphate poisonings with parathion and dimethoate. Intensive Care Medicine, 32, 464-468. Lee, P. & Tai, D. (2000). Clinical features of patients with acute organophosphate poisoning requiring intensive care. Intensive Care Medicine, 27, 694-699. Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America, Inc. (2007). What is Myasthenia Gravis (MG)? Retrieved 19 April 2008, from http://www.myasthenia.org/amg_whatismg.cfm. Silverthorn, D.U. (2007). Human physiology: An integrated approach 4th edition. San Francisco: Pearson. WebMD (2008). Atropine Auto-Injector. Retrieved 21 April 2008, from http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drugs-63873- Atropine+IM.aspx References

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