1 / 11

Equine Vaccines

Equine Vaccines. Marissa Kazeck. Core vs. Non-core. Core : vaccines that every animal of that species should receive. Protect against the most dangerous diseases. Tetanus, Eastern/Western Equine Encephalomyelitis, West Nile Virus, and Rabies

hiroko
Download Presentation

Equine Vaccines

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Equine Vaccines Marissa Kazeck

  2. Core vs. Non-core • Core: vaccines that every animal of that species should receive. Protect against the most dangerous diseases. • Tetanus, Eastern/Western Equine Encephalomyelitis, West Nile Virus, and Rabies • Non-core: vaccines an animal should receive depending on its particular lifestyle. • Strangles

  3. Tetanus • Transmission: Tetanus can happen when a horses wound becomes infected with the bacterial spore of Clostridium tetani. The spores multiply and produce a powerful poison that affects the muscles. • Clinical Signs: stiff legged gait, tail held stiffly, ears pricked forward, horse may fall • Outcome: treatment is difficult, and often unsuccessful. • Zoonotic potential: Ears pricked forward Tail held stiffly Paralysis of breathing muscles Stiff legged gait

  4. Tetanus cont… • Route given: intramuscularly (IM). Best spot for that is the side of the neck. • Vaccine Schedule: • Adult previously vaccinated: Vaccinate annually. • Adult previously unvaccinated: Give a primary 2 dose series within a 4 to 6 week interval between doses. Then vaccinate annually. • Pregnant previously vaccinated: Vaccinated annually and 4 to 6 weeks before foaling. • Pregnant previously unvaccinated: Give a 2- dose primary series with a 4 to 6 week interval between doses. Revaccinated 4 to 6 weeks before foaling. • Foals of mares vaccinated: Give a primary 3 dose series beginning at 4 to 6 months of age. 4 to 6 week interval between first and second does, third dose should be given at 10 to 12 months of age. • Foals of mares unvaccinated: Give a primary 3 dose series beginning at 1 to 4 months of age with 4 week intervals between doses. • All horses should be vaccinated annually.

  5. Eastern/Western EquineEncephalomyelitis • Transmission: By mosquitoes, and sometimes other bloodsucking insects. Horse from wild birds or rodents. • Clinic Signs: Altered mentation, impaired vision, wondering, head pressing, circling, inability to swallow, irregular gait, paresis and paralysis, convulsions, and death. • Outcome: No specific therapy. Supportive care includes fluids for the horse (unable to drink), use of anti-inflammatory agents, and anticonvulsants. Good nursing care. • Zoonotic potential: People may be infected. Should always be aware of the possibility of human infection and take precautions.

  6. Eastern/Western EquineEncephalomyelitis cont… • Route given: intramuscularly (IM). Best spot for that is the side of the neck. • Vaccine Schedule: • Adults previously vaccinated: Annual revaccination (best in spring) • Adults previously unvaccinated: Give primary series of 2 doses with a 4 to 6 week interval between doses. Then annually. • Pregnant previously vaccinated: Vaccinated 4 to 6 weeks before foaling. • Pregnant previously unvaccinated: Give a 2 dose primary series with a 4 week interval between doses. Booster again 4 to 6 weeks before foaling. • Foals of vaccinated mares: Give a primary 3 dose series starting at 4 to 6 months of age, with a 4 to 6 week interval between the first and second dose. The third dose should be given at 10 to 12 months of age. • Foals of unvaccinated mares: Give a primary 3 dose series starting at 3 to 4 months of age, with a 4 week interval between first and second dose. The third dose should be given at 10 to 12 months of age. • All horses should be vaccinated annually.

  7. West Nile Virus • Transmission: Mosquitoes (they feed off wild birds). • Clinical signs: Weakness/Paralysis of hind limbs,impaired vision, circling, wondering, convulsions, colic, change in behavior, and restlessness. • Outcome: No specific treatment. Supportive care (IV fluids), death is possibility if not treated the correct way or fast enough action taken. • Zoonotic Potential: People may get it from being bit from an infected mosquito (rare to happen). Veterinarians should take precautions with birds.

  8. West Nile Virus cont… • Route given: intramuscularly (IM). Best spot for that is the side of the neck • Vaccine Schedule: • Adult previously vaccinated: Annual revaccination before threat of mosquitoes. • Adult previously unvaccinated: Give a primary 2 dose series with 4 to 6 week intervals between the doses. Then annually. • Pregnant previously vaccinated: Vaccinated 4 to 6 weeks before foaling. • Pregnant previously unvaccinated: Same as Adult previously vaccinated, then again 4 to 6 weeks before foaling. • Foals of vaccinated mares: Give a primary 3 dose series starting at 4 to 6 months of age with a 4 to 6 week interval between first and second dose. The third dose should be given at 10 to 12 months of age. • Foals of unvaccinated mares: Give a primary 3 dose series with a 30 day interval between first and second doses and a 60 day interval between second and third doses. • All horses should be vaccinated annually.

  9. Rabies • Transmission: Occurs through a bite of an infected animal (usually wildlife). Bites on horses occur mostly on the muzzle, face, and lower limbs. • Clinical signs: Signs may vary between horse. Some possible signs include, depression, loss of appetite, excessive salivation, difficulty swallowing, lack of coordination, aggressive, colic, convulsions, and paralysis. • Outcome: Death usually occurs within 3 to 5 days after clinic signs are noticed. • Zoonotic potential: No documented cases of horse to human transmission, but it can happen. All precautions should be taken.

  10. Rabies cont… • Route given: intramuscularly (IM). Best spot for that is the side of the neck • Vaccine schedule: • Adult previously vaccinated: Annual revaccination • Adult previously unvaccinated: Give a single primary dose. Revaccinate annually. • Pregnant previously vaccinated: Vaccinated 4 to 6 weeks before foaling. • Pregnant previously unvaccinated: Vaccinated 4 to 6 weeks before foaling. • Foals of vaccinated mares: Give a primary dose series. First dose given no earlier than 6 months of age. Second dose given 4 to 6 weeks later. • Foals of unvaccinated mares: First dose should be given at 3 to 4 months of age. • Vaccinated all horses annually.

  11. References • http://www.cyberhorse.net.au/csl/tetanus.htm • http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/100900.htm • http://www.aaep.org/vaccination_guidelines.htm • http://www.cvm.msu.edu/alumni-friends/information-for-animal-owners/rabies-in-horses/

More Related