Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development in Latin America

1. Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development in Latin America World Bank Support for the Implementation of Article 8(j) and Related Provision --Investing in Indigenous Peoples Development The Experience of the World Bank in Latin America Including the GEF projects

2. Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development in Latin America Purposes of Presentation • To provide information on the World Bank policy on Indigenous Peoples in Latin America; • To describe the strategic approach to Indigenous Peoples Development Projects adopted by the World Bank in Latin America including the GEF projects; • To highlight some of the major lessons learned from the initial implementation of this strategy; and, • To describe some of the future challenges that the World Bank and other international development agencies face in the financing of Indigenous Peoples Development including the GEF projects.

3. World Bank Policy Framework in Relation to Indigenous Peoples Indigenous Peoples Policy (OD 4.20) in 1991 • Policy developed by indigenous specialists in close collaboration with specialists in International Labor Organization (ILO) and Using ILO Convention 169 as a framework; • Broader definition of indigenous peoples to include highland indigenous peoples, as well as lowland forest-dwelling peoples; • Focus on informed participation of indigenous peoples in development decision-making rather than just on strengthening of government indigenous agencies; and, • Requirement that all Bank-financed projects affecting indigenous peoples contain special Indigenous Peoples Development Plans (IPDPs) to ensure that indigenous peoples participate in and benefit from Bank-financed operations.

4. 7% Mexico 14% Central America 20% Caribbean Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela Brazil 36% 11% Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru 10% Argentina, Chile, Uruguay 2% Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development Projects Involving Indigenous Peoples by Country Management Unit (FY92-FY01)

5. IP Development Strategy IP Development Project Component 9% Limited Participation 15% TBD 51% 8% 17% Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development Mechanisms for Incorporating Indigenous Peoples in Bank-Financed Projects (FY92-FY01)

6. Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development Projects Involving Indigenous Peoples by Country Management Unit (FY 2001)

7. New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development (1995-2001) Program’s Goal To promote the participation and inclusion of Latin America’s 40 million indigenous peoples in a sustainable development process.

8. New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development (1995-2001) Main Objectives • To alleviate poverty and promote sustainable development; • To build indigenous peoples capacity for self-development; • To strengthen and improve the policy and institutional frameworks; • To demonstrate the important role that indigenous peoples can play in the management of fragile ecosystems and biodiversity conservation; and • To disseminate the experience learned.

9. New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development (1995-2001) Strategies • Conducting analytical and empirical studies of indigenous poverty and social exclusion; • Investing in human capital (education, health, and social protection); • Strengthening the social capital of indigenous organizations and communities; • Linking indigenous territorial protection with natural resources management and biodiversity conservation; • Promoting protection of indigenous peoples cultural heritage, languages and identities; and • Creating a learning partnership among indigenous peoples, governments and donor agencies.

10. New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development (1995-2001) Activities 1. Supporting pre-investment operations A) Capacity Building • 15 training projects in 10 different countries • Over $2 million IDF invested • Partnerships with indigenous organizations, government agencies, and NGOs • Focus on development planning (autogestion) • Learning by doing methodologies

11. New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development (1995-2001) Activities 1. Supporting pre-investment operations B) Analytical Work • Indigenous peoples country profiles (Mexico, Central America and Andean countries) • Case studies of indigenous community development (with the U. of Pittsburgh, the Fondo Indigena, indigenous organizations and NGOs) • Legal studies (Central America, Guyana, Peru, Argentina, Venezuela) • Publication of the Proceedings of the Second International Seminar on the Administration of Justice and Indigenous Peoples (with the Inter American Institute of Human Rights, ILO, and SIDA)

12. New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development (1995-2001) Activities 2. Financing new and innovative projects A) Land Regularization • Brazil Indigenous Lands Project (G7 Pilot Project for the Conservation of the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest) • Honduras Rural Land Management Project • Bolivia Land Administration Project

13. New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development (1995-2001) Activities 2. Financing new and innovative projects B) Natural Resources Management • Colombia Natural Resources Management Project • Peru Sierra Natural Resources Management Project • Mexico Community Forestry Project

14. New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development (1995-2001) Activities 2. Financing new and innovative projects Examples of GEF-Funded Biodiversity Conservation Projects C) GEF Biodiversity Conservation • 22 projects in 12 countries • Approximately $250 million invested • Coverage of most ecological zones Colombia Mataven Forest Project Mexico Community Protected Areas Project Guatemala Bio-Itza Project

15. New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development (1995-2001) Activities 2. Financing new and innovative projects D) Community-Based Development • Ecuador Indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorian Peoples Development Project (PRODEPINE) • Learning and Innovation Loans • Peru Indigenous and Afro-Peruvian Peoples Development Project • Argentine Indigenous Peoples Community Development and Protected Areas Project • Bolivia Indigenous Peoples Development Project

16. New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development (1995-2001) Activities 3. Supporting existing networks and building new learning partnerships • National consultation meetings (Mayan Elders Consultation in Guatemala, Andean and Amazon Consultations in Peru) • Inter-Agency Working Group on Indigenous Peoples • Red Indigena (a regional, interactive website on Indigenous Peoples Development)

17. Participatory Approaches to Indigenous Development Enabling Factors • Adequate legal and policy frameworks; • Pre-investment training and capacity strengthening of indigenous organizations; • Joint decision-making and “power-sharing” arrangements; • Participatory diagnostic and planning techniques; and, • Agreement on technical and professional criteria for contracting of project planning and implementation teams

18. Participatory Approaches to Indigenous Development Lessons of Initial Experience • Need to focus more attention on participation of indigenous women • Need for more systematic incorporation of indigenous knowledge and culture into project designs • Need for culturally appropriate monitoring and evaluation indicators • Need to link indigenous development projects with other sectoral projects (human development, infrastructure, rural development and finance, etc.) and national poverty reduction strategies

19. Chalenges for Indigenous Peoples Development Future Challenges of Indigenous Development Initiatives • Greater focus on social and economic needs of urban indigenous communities • Strengthening of entrepreneurial capacity and competitiveness of indigenous economic enterprises and businesses • Greater cooperation and coordination among donor agencies • Increased learning and dissemination of indigenous development experiences among countries and between North, Central and South America

20. GEF Projects with IP as Primary Focus • Argentina: Community Biodiversity Protection Project ($6m) • Belize: Community Managed Sarstoon Temash Conservation ($7.5m) • Colombia: Conservation and Sustainable Development of the Mataven Forest ($tbd) • Ecuador: Rescuing Ancient Knowledge and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Coastal Ecuador ($1.05m) • Ecuador: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use Planning of Natural Resources in Pastaza ($tbd) • Guatemala: Management and Protection of Laguna del Tigre National Park ($1.66m) • Guatemala: Community Management of the Bio-Itza Reserve (Peten) ($tbd) • Mexico: Indigenous Conservation of Biodiversity ($18.7m) • Peru: Participatory Conservation and Sustainable Development with Indigenous Communities in Vilcabamba ($1.14m) • Peru: Indigenous Management of Protected Areas in the Amazon ($24m) • Venezuela: Dhekuana Nonoodo Biodiversity Conservation ($1m)

21. GEF Projects with IP as a Component • Colombia: Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in the Andes Region ($30m) • Colombia: Community-Based Management for the Naya Conservation Corridor ($.94m) • Costa Rica: Sustainable Cacao Production ($tbd) • Ecuador: Choco-Andean Corridor ($2.7m) • Guatemala: Biodiversity Conservation in the Altiplano Occidental ($45m) • Honduras: Biodiversity Conservation in Priority Protected Areas ($9.5m) • Mexico: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor ($92.9m) • Nicaragua: Atlantic Biological Corridor ($21.5m) • Panama: Effective Protection with Community Participation of the New Protected Area of San Lorenzo ($2.23m) • Peru: Collaborative Management for the Conservation and Sustainable Development of the Northwest Biosphere Reserve ($2.1m) • Peru: Consolidation of Protected Area System (PROFONANPE II) ($32m)