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Oratory ☺ Only mass medium of communication in antiquity ☺ Exercised a very important role in Roman public life. ☺ By playing upon the emotions of his audience, a skillful orator could sway people to his point of view. ☺ For example, Cicero won over to his side a mob sympathetic to Catiline.
Speeches were mainly of the following types: • 1. Ad Iudices • 2. Ad Patres Conscriptos • 3. Ad Quirites
Ad Iudices Speeches addressed to a juryin cases of prosecutionor defense • example of a speech of prosecution is In Verrem (Against Verres) • one of defense is Pro Archia (On Behalf of Archias)
Ad Patres Conscriptos Two types of speeches were delivered to the senators: I. one type either praised or censured someone e.g. The First Oration Against Catiline (In Catilinam) II. the other either advocated or opposed some measure e.g. The Speech on the Consular Provinces
Ad Quirites ☺ Speeches delivered to the Roman people from the Rostra in the Forum☺ Dealt with matters of public interest.e.g. The speech on Pompey's Commission
Divisions of an Oration • There are six parts to a typical Roman oration: • exordium • narratio • propositio • confirmatio • refutatio • peroratio
EXORDIUM The orator usually employs ethicalappeals designed to arouse interest In the next four parts of the oration, the orators employs logicalarguments In the conclusion, the orator finishes up by employing emotional appeals introduction of a speech, announcing the subject and the purpose of the discourse
☺ A narrative account ofwhathas happened ☺ Explainsthe nature of the case
the main body of the speech where one offers logical arguments as proof.
☺ conventionally employed, it appeals to the sympathy of the audience☺ often included a summing up