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SCHISTOSOMIASIS and OTHER INTESTINAL HELMINTHES

SCHISTOSOMIASIS and OTHER INTESTINAL HELMINTHES. chronic tropical disease Bloodfluke called Schistosoma Japonicum Transmitted through the intermediary host of a tiny snail known as Oncomelania Quadrazi. asi. SCHISTOSOMIASIS.

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SCHISTOSOMIASIS and OTHER INTESTINAL HELMINTHES

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  1. SCHISTOSOMIASIS and OTHER INTESTINAL HELMINTHES

  2. chronic tropical disease Bloodfluke called Schistosoma Japonicum Transmitted through the intermediary host of a tiny snail known as Oncomelania Quadrazi.asi. SCHISTOSOMIASIS

  3. SCHISTOSOMIASIS:- is one of the most widespread parasitic infection afflicting mankind for a long time (118 years in the Philippines)- second to malaria in Prevalence- rank first in prevalence among water-borne diseases

  4. -thrives where environmental sanitation is poor. - eggs hatch into miracidia that penetrate snail intermediate hosts that inhabit these fresh water bodies -total population of 12 million exposed to the disease

  5. Life Cycle of Schistosomiasis Adult worms live in portal and mesenteric veins Mode of infection: SKIN PENETRATION OF CERCARIAE Schistosoma eggs pass out with feces and hatch in fresh Water into miracidia. Intermediate host: Oncomelania snails

  6. An area is endemic: 1.Presence of Positive cases 2.Presence of Infected Snails ( Oncomelania quadrasi )

  7. Transmission WASHING OF CLOTHES DEFECATING ON SCHISTO INFESTED AREA. LAUNDERING IN SCHISTO ENDEMIC AREAS

  8. Adult Worm of SchistosomaJaponicum in the Portal Vein S AVERAGE LIFE SPAN IS 3-5 YEARS BUT CAN SURVIVE UP TO 30 YEARS OR MORE LIVE IN THE BLOOD VESSEL CONNECTING THE LIVER WITH THE INTESTINE.

  9. SCHISTOSOMA EGG PRODUCED/ EGGLAYING 500 – 2000 EGGS / DAY /FEMALE WORM

  10. MIRACIDIUM • Life span is 48 hrs • Infective up to 24 Hrs.

  11. CERCARIAEWill survive for a maximum of 3 days, & infective for 36 hrs.

  12. Symptomatology : • Study showed that : 37.8 % = symptomatic 62.2 % = asymptomatic

  13. Symptoms • Early Stage: • epigastric or abdominal pain • bloody-mucoid stool • dysenteric attacks • fever • Advance Stage: • enlargement of the abdomen • enlargement of the liver and spleen • epileptic seizures of the Jacsonian type • Cor-pulmonale

  14. Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections(ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm infection) • Caused by: • ingestion of eggs from contaminated soil (Ascaris and Trichuris) or • skin penetration by larvae from the soil (hookworms) • Poor environmental sanitation (open defecation) and poor personal hygiene (dirty hands) are major factors for exposure People dirtying the environment infect other people… Open defecation!

  15. -helminth parasites of man include the nematodes (roundworms), trematodes (flukes) and cestodes (tapeworms)-major cause of poor cognitive development and physical retardation and anemia in children

  16. -Persevere in areas where poverty or poor economic condition breed poor personal hygiene and inadequate sanitation.- Highly agricultural communities found to be high prevalence of STH.- Erratic migration of ascaris worms can lead to a very serious conditions and even death.

  17. s

  18. 3 MOST COMMON HELMINTHS

  19. EFFECTS OF STH

  20. s

  21. EnterobiusVermicularis -Human ‘pinworm”

  22. Eggs of E. Vermicularis in Scotch Tape or Cellulose Tape Preparation

  23. Life Cycle E. Vermicularis

  24. Signs and Symptoms • Frequently asymptomatic • Perianal pruritis • Anorexia • Irritability • Abdominal pain

  25. Treatment Mebendazole,Abendazole

  26. StrongyloidesStercoralis

  27. Signs and Symptoms • Frequently asymptomatic • Abdominal pain • Diarrhea • Pulmonary symptoms

  28. Laboratory Diagnosis Identification of larvae (rhabditiform form) through: • DFS –follow-up stool exams 2-4 weeks after treatment to confirm clearance of infection. • FECT

  29. Treatment • Ivermectin • Albendazole

  30. INTEGRATED CONTROL PROGRAM FOR SCHISTOSOMIASIS AND OTHER INTESTINAL HELMINTHES

  31. Case Finding: 1.1 clinical diagnosis * history of exposure * symptoms 1.2 Laboratory diagnosis * stool examination ( K/K method) * blood exam (COPT ) CASE FINDING

  32. Use of sanitary toilets and safe water supply • reduction in the transmission of schisto by 75 % can be achieved. • 25 % reduction of transmission can be achieved Use of Sanitary Facilities • environmental sanitation through the use of latrines can prevent contamination of the environment with eggs of STH, schistosomes and food-borne helminthes thus arresting the life cycle. Control of Stray Animals Use of Foot bridges 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION

  33. Health Education • Objective: • - change undesirable knowledge, attitudes & practices for the improvement of their personal & community health. • Health education is needed to convince people to use toilets and to participate in other control and prevention activities of the Government • The impact: • is measured in terms of health enhancing behaviors; the outcome is reduction in morbidity & mortality

  34. Preventive chemotherapy can prevent development of serious morbidity as well as transmission. 85% coverage should be achieved in this intervention.

  35. Water , Sanitation And Hygiene ( WASH) • Water , Sanitation And Hygiene • ( WASH) • > serves as the cornerstone in the reduction of diseases specially those related to intestinal parasitism. • > is formulated in line with the UNICEF’s water, sanitation, and hygiene strategies for 2006 – 2015.

  36. Control of Schistosomiasis x Adult worms live in portal and mesenteric veins CHEMOTHERAPY x Schistosoma eggs pass out with feces and hatch in fresh Water ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION x Mode of infection: SKIN PENETRATION OF CERCARIAE PERSONAL PROTECTION x Intermediate host: Oncomelania snails SNAIL CONTROL

  37. DESIRED BEHAVIOUR CHANGE SUBMIT FOR EXAMINATION & TREATMENT USE OF SANITARY FACILITIES USE OF FOOTBRIDGES, CONTROL OF STRAY ANIMALS PARTICIPATE IN SNAIL CONTROL MEASURES

  38. Summary: s • Schistosomiasis is still a public health problem. • Helminthiasis affect people of all ages and cause profound effects esp. on children • Kato-Katz is use to diagnose Schistosomiasis and STH • An integrated control program can be used for Schisto and STH • The DISEASE is influenced by the 3P’s people,parasite,poverty

  39. Disposal of excreta containing Schistosome eggs into fresh water . • SCHISTOSOMIASIS IS SPREAD BY PEOPLE AND NOT BY SNAILS • HUMAN PARASITES ARE A REASONABLE INDICATION OF LACK OF PERSONAL CLEANLINESS AND HYGIENE

  40. THANK YOU..

  41. GOOD DAY!!! SONIA G. MARGALLO, RMT Schisto/STH/ FWBD Assistant Program Manager

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