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The War of 1812

The War of 1812. Chapter 11 Section 3. Causes of the War. France & Britain needed supplies from the U.S. This caused tensions between the 2 countries & the U.S. Embargo Act of 1807 cut off trade w/European countries

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The War of 1812

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  1. The War of 1812 Chapter 11 Section 3

  2. Causes of the War • France & Britain needed supplies from the U.S. • This caused tensions between the 2 countries & the U.S. • Embargo Act of 1807 cut off trade w/European countries • 1809  the act was repealed  U.S. could trade w/any country except France or Britain

  3. Causes Continued • NW  British helped Natives raid U.S. settlements • Tecumseh  Shawnee leader joined several Native peoples together against the Americans & attacked the settlers • Tecumseh’s goal  drive all settlers out of the NW territory

  4. More on Tecumseh…. • President Madison  sent General William Henry Harrison to fight Tecumseh • 1811  Tecumseh left his HQ to meet w/Natives in the South • Harrison won @ Battle of Tippecanoe Creek • Tecumseh returned & the village was in ruins

  5. The War Hawks • American anger w/British grew  Brits were still practicing impressment • War Hawks wanted to fight • War Hawk leaders  Henry Clay of KY & John C. Calhoun of SC • War Hawks goals  gain control of Canada & push Spain out of Florida

  6. War Hawks continued…. • June, 1812  Madison gave in to the pressure of the War Hawks • War of 1812 began

  7. Fighting the War • For most of the war, Brits were more concerned w/battling the French • 1813  Capt. Oliver Hazard Perry defeated Brits @ battle of Lake Erie • Troops were unsuccessful in invading Canada through Detroit • Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek Indians in present-day Alabama

  8. More Fighting • April 1814  British defeated French in Europe & captured Napoleon • Focus now shifted from French to the United States

  9. The British Invasion • British planned a 3-part invasion • Part 1  Attack on NY from Canada (beaten back @ Battle of Plattsburg • Part 2  summer 1814 on DC • Part 3  New Orleans

  10. The Battlin’ Brits in DC  • British captured DC & burned several gov. buildings including the White House & Capitol • Dolley Madison saved several national treasures including a portrait of Washington

  11. Baltimore & the National Anthem • Fort McHenry was bombarded near the city’s harbor • Attack was intense throughout the night • Francis Scott Key  lawyer & amateur poet was visiting one of the attacking ships & penned the poem when he saw the U.S. flag still flying (Star-Spangled Banner)

  12. Battle of New Orleans • Defending the city  Andrew Jackson along w/some pirates, Native Americans, state militia, & free African Americans • In spite of the power of the British forces, Jackson & his “mötley crüe” defeated the British in a matter of about 2 hours • Battle actually took place after the war had ended

  13. Negotiating the Peace • Dec. 1814  British agreed to end the war • Both U.S. & Britain were tired of the war & neither side seemed too hopeful of winning • Treaty of Ghent  simply ended the war; no changes occurred at all for either nation

  14. Results of the War • Some called the war the 2nd War for Independence • Americans took pride in their country’s successes • New American heroes emerged • Need for strong gov. was realized • Country experienced a new sense of nationalism

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