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Reconstruction Collapses 1877

Reconstruction Collapses 1877 . AIM: Were African Americans denied the American dream in the South after Reconstruction?.

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Reconstruction Collapses 1877

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  1. Reconstruction Collapses1877 AIM: Were African Americans denied the American dream in the South after Reconstruction?

  2. It was the most soul-sickening spectacle that America had ever been called upon to behold. Every principle of the old American polity was here reversed. In place of government by the most intelligent and virtuous part of the people for the benefit of the governed, here was government by the most ignorant and viscous part of the population for the benefit, the vulgar, materialistic, brutal benefit of the governing set. Historian John W. Burgess speaking of Reconstruction 1902

  3. Corruption during Grant’s Presidency (1869-1877) Whiskey Ring Affair. Credit Moblier Radical Republicanism on the wane I. Reconstruction Collapses

  4. Law outlawing racial discrimination in public places Declared unconstitutional in 1883 B. Civil Rights Act of 1875 – Slaughter House Cases

  5. C. Election of 1876

  6. 1. Contested election Electoral Popular Rep. Hayes 165 4,036,572 Dem. Tilden 184 4,284,020 Disputed votes 20

  7. Hayes wins presidency Hayes agrees to withdraw remaining troops from the South 2. Compromise of 1877

  8. a. Institute “home rule” to replace “bayonet rule” and “negro rule” that existed 3. Southern Democrats “Redeemers”

  9. 4. Solid South – entire South votes Democrat

  10. II. Triumph of White Supremacy "There has been houses broken open, windows smashed and doors broken down in the dead hours of the night, men rushing in, cursing and swearing and discharging their Pistols inside the house. Men have been knocked down and unmercifully beaten and yet the authorities do not notice it at all. We would open a school here, but are almost afraid to do so, not knowing that we have any protection for life or limb."– African-American citizens of Calhoun, Georgia, requesting protection from federal troops, 1867

  11. 1. Founded by ex-Confederates 2. Believed inferiority of blacks 3. Used floggings, cross-burning, lynching's 4. Intimidation kept blacks from voting A. Ku Klux Klan

  12. The Redeemers had no scruples about fraud or terror. "Every Democrat," said a South Carolina Redeemer, "must feel honor bound to control the vote of at least one negro by intimidation, purchase...or as each individual will determine." Hundreds of blacks were beaten and murdered by the Ku Klux Klan and other white terrorist groups.

  13. 5. Force Act (Ku Klux Klan Act) of 1871 • Prosecute Klan crimes • Suppressed their activity until 1874 when they re-emerged • Activity contributed to Democrats regaining power in Southern legislatures

  14. Segregation Limits on Voting Rights 1. Poll taxes 2. Literacy Tests B. Jim Crow Laws

  15. 1. Planters divide plantations into small famers rented out to freedmen. C. Share-cropping and Tenant Farming

  16. Crop-Lien System- advance goods to a sharecropper in exchange for a lien or legal claim on farmer’s future crop. Cycle of Debt Peonage

  17. Facts: Homer Plessy challenged segregation law by refusing to move to the colored section on a train. Issue: Does it violate the 14th amendment? Opinion: “Separate but Equal” facilities are legal. D. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

  18. 4. Dissenting Opinion: Justice John Marshall Harlan argued Reconstruction Amendments categorically outlawed race distinctions.

  19. 5. Impact

  20. Booker T. Washington 1. Gradualism and Accommodation 2. “Cast Down Your Buckets”-Atlanta Compromise 3. Tuskegee Institute- Vocational Training III. African American Responses

  21. There was one thing that the white South feared more than negro dishonesty, ignorance, and incompetency, and that was negro honesty, knowledge, and efficiency."– W.E.B. Du Bois, 1915

  22. Agitation Fight for economic, political and educational equality. Blacks should gain liberal arts education. B. W.E.B. DuBois

  23. “Niagara Movement”- rejects “accomodationist” stance. Calls for equality and end to racial discrimination Northern based organization Seeks to change laws C. N.A.A.C.P.

  24. VI. Summary Were African Americans denied the American dream in the South after Reconstruction?

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