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Nellie Mae Education Foundation Beth M. Miller, Ph.D., MMRA June 20, 2007

Nellie Mae Education Foundation Beth M. Miller, Ph.D., MMRA June 20, 2007. The Learning Season. Summer learning loss drives the test-score gap between children from low income families and their peers Summer opportunities can make a real difference in children’s learning

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Nellie Mae Education Foundation Beth M. Miller, Ph.D., MMRA June 20, 2007

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  1. Nellie Mae Education Foundation Beth M. Miller, Ph.D., MMRA June 20, 2007

  2. The Learning Season • Summer learning loss drives the test-score gap between children from low income families and their peers • Summer opportunities can make a real difference in children’s learning • If we care about educational equity, we need to take summer opportunities seriously

  3. The Test Score Achievement Gap:Beginning School Study VERBAL CAT BY SEASON AND SES (Alexander, Entwisle, and Olson)

  4. The Test Score Achievement Gap:Beginning School Study VERBAL CAT BY SEASON AND SES (Alexander, Entwisle, and Olson)

  5. The Learning Season:Baltimore Beginning School Study Followed from school entry to age 22 • 1/3 of differences in 9th grade Reading Comprehension scores attributable to preschool differences, 2/3 to summer learning differences • Differences have major impact (separate from income, race, etc) on: • High school placement (academic or non-academic track) • Dropping out • Attending 4-year college

  6. Why seasonal learning loss?The Resource Faucet Theory adapted from Entwisle, Alexander, and Olson, 1997

  7. The Learning Season:What does the research say? Downey and colleagues • Learning gap for poor children grows much faster in summer (K-1) • Many schools are mis-categorized by annual testing regimens • Schools less successful for African American students

  8. The Learning Season:What does the research say? Cooper and colleagues • Review of 39 studies, meta-analysis of 13 • All students lose skills in math (2.6 m) • Low income students lose skills in reading, while middle income gain (lose 1.5 m compared to gain of 2.3 m)

  9. The Learning Season:Summer vs. school year differences Non-school environ-ment School environ-ment Adapted from Downey, 2004

  10. The Learning Season:Brain Development • All domains linked • Summer learning = integrated learning • Neural connections made through “hands-on experience” • Brain needs time to reflect and “soak in” new information • Background knowledge is key to learning

  11. Income Gap in Summer Program Participation

  12. CRITICAL HOURS • Summer reading interventions • Summer school, extended school year • Summer camp • Hybrid academic enrichment-youth development programs

  13. Research on “Hybrid” Summer Programs Teach Baltimore • Serves over 2,000 youth using trained college students in 7 week program • Combines literacy with wide enrichment focus • Random assignment of children on waiting list to summer program or “control” group • Strong effects on test scores for children who attended for 3 years

  14. Research on “Hybrid” Summer Programs BELL Summer Program • Random assignment study • Children who attended BELL summer program gained additional 1 month of reading skills (instead of losing 3) • Parents encouraged children to read more

  15. The Learning Season:Recommendations • Increase ACCESS and EFFECTIVENESS • Rethink educational ACCOUNTABILITY • RESEARCH the best ways to solve the “opportunity gap”

  16. Nellie Mae Education Foundation Beth M. Miller, Ph.D., MMRA June 20, 2007

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