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C A S I X

C A S I X. Centre for observation of Air-Sea Interactions and fluXes (A NERC Centre of Excellence in Earth Observation). Nick Hardman-Mountford, Jim Aiken CASIX Project Office, Plymouth Marine Laboratory casix_dir@pml.ac.uk & the CASIX Team PML, SOC/SOES, POL,

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C A S I X

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  1. C A S I X Centre for observation of Air-Sea Interactions and fluXes(A NERC Centre of Excellence in Earth Observation) Nick Hardman-Mountford, Jim Aiken CASIX Project Office, Plymouth Marine Laboratorycasix_dir@pml.ac.uk & the CASIX Team PML, SOC/SOES, POL, UEA, UWB, U.Ply, U.Leics, U.Edi, U.Read, Met Office

  2. HadOCC FOAM CASIX: Open-Ocean Modelling of Air-sea Carbon Dioxide Fluxes HadOCC • 4 compartment ecosystem model plus carbon cycling FOAM • Operational ocean models using data assimilation to forecast 5 days ahead • Driven by 6-hourly fluxes from Met Office Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) system + Example • The model captures the spring bloom signature in the SeaWiFS chlorophyll data in early March 2000 • The model can extrapolate under cloud and to other quantities not remotely observable

  3. Envisat MERIS, AATSR ASAR, RA-2 SCIAMACHY TOPEX-Poseidon, JASON, Altimeters ERS-1 & 2 SAR Quickscat-SeaWinds ADEOS II NSCAT, SeaWinds OCTS, Polder NOAA-AVHRR Terra & Aqua MODIS AIRS Seastar SeaWiFS Atmospheric aerosols and gases, CO2 Air-sea exchange Surface roughness/ Surface height Physical Structure Temperature Ocean colour Plankton Marine Biogeochemistry CASIX purpose: toexploit EO data to derive air-sea interactions,focus on CO2 fluxes . Vertical structure, salinity To exploit these complex, diverse data & address the global problem of CO2 fluxes, we need integration and modelling: 1-D & 3-D Ocean and Shelf circulation models with coupled biology, the C-cycle. Primary focus will be on N Atlantic & N W European Shelf Seas with the assimilation of EO data into models

  4. Envisat MERIS, AATSR ASAR, RA-2 SCIAMACHY TOPEX-Poseidon, JASON, Altimeters ERS-1 & 2 SAR Quickscat-SeaWinds ADEOS II NSCAT, SeaWinds OCTS, Polder NOAA-AVHRR Terra & Aqua MODIS AIRS Seastar SeaWiFS Atmospheric aerosols and gases, CO2 Air-sea exchange Surface roughness/ Surface height Physical Structure Temperature Ocean colour Plankton Marine Biogeochemistry CASIX purpose: toexploit EO data to derive air-sea interactions,focus on CO2 fluxes . Vertical structure, salinity To exploit these complex, diverse data & address the global problem of CO2 fluxes, we need integration and modelling: 1-D & 3-D Ocean and Shelf circulation models with coupled biology, the C-cycle. Primary focus will be on N Atlantic & N W European Shelf Seas with the assimilation of EO data into models

  5. CASIX: Aims & Rationale CASIX Purpose • The purpose of CASIX is:to exploit new-generation Earth Observation (EO) data, to advance the science of air-sea interactions and reduce the errors in the prediction of environmental change. The primary goal is to quantify accurately the global air-sea fluxes of CO2, other gases and particles, using state-of-the-art, error-budgeted models. • This is a crucial element in furthering understanding the role of the ocean carbon cycle in the global carbon cycle and their role in climate change. • To do this, novel EO data sources and algorithms will be developed and integrated with 3-D coupled physical-ecosystem ocean models to produce new error-quantified climatologies of air-sea gas fluxes. Geographical range • Primary focus will be the N Atlantic & NW European Shelf Seas (validation data available) • We will provide results for the global ocean with lower confidence • Integration of shelf & ocean is a unique feature of CASIX CASIX Time Frame • Quantification and understanding of air-sea CO2 fluxes - 5 yrs • Quantification and understanding of air-sea fluxes for a wider range of climatically important gases - 10 yrs

  6. 3c: Interface modelling Experiment with parameterisations and process models Satellite data Define flux parameterisation using EO input Optimise input from EO colour 3a: 3-D N. Atlantic ocean model for CO2 3b: 3-D N.W. European shelf model for CO2 10 year hind-cast of CO2 fluxes CO2 flux climatology In situ flux data Widerapplication CASIX science elements and their interaction 1: Physical controls on surface exchange 2: Biogeochemistry and bio-optics 4: Integration (climatology and analysis)

  7. Surface roughness Sea-Winds, N-SCATASAR, Radarsat, AMSR, Windsat TOPEX, JASON, ALT-2 SSTAATSR, NPOES MSG, AMSR, TMI Ocean colour SeaWiFS, MERIS, MODIS, GLI Primary production Chlorophyll Surface films Wind stress processes controlling upper ocean pCO2 Air-sea fluxparameterisations Wave height JASON, ALT-2 Ocean circulation models with bio-geo-chemistry and air-sea interface processes Surface topography TOPEX, JASON, ALT-2 Air-sea gas flux (CO2)climatology Atmos. SensorsSciamachy, AIRS Atmospheric CO2 CASIX will exploit a wide array of data sources

  8. FOAM HadOCC Coupled modelling in CASIX Ecosystem Models • Hadley Centre Ocean Carbon Cycle Model (HadOCC) • PML European Regional Seas Model (ERSEM) Physical • Met Office Operational Forecasting Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM) • POL Coastal Ocean Modelling System (POLCOMS) Regional Seas Model. + Example • The model captures the spring bloom signature in the SeaWiFS chlorophyll data in early March 2000 • The model can extrapolate under cloud and to other quantities not remotely observable

  9. FOAM/HadOCC model output & data assimilation FOAM/HadOCC output fields • Model fields that contribute to estimation of chlorophyll and primary production Moving towards CO2 fluxes • The revised output field improves estimates of derived fields (e.g. primary production, CO2 flux) • This is the goal of CASIX! Ocean colour data assimilation • Weekly chlorophyll fields from FOAM/HadOCC with corresponding SeaWiFS images • The challenge is to assimilate ocean colour data to correct and nudge the model for operational forecasting

  10. Shelf Seas Modelling with POLCOMS & ERSEM POLCOMS • 3-D shelf-sea physical circulation model (incl. waves, tides, turbulence, benthic resuspension, spm) • 6km & 1.8km horizontal resolution ERSEM • Complex ecosystem model (benthic & pelagic) • Coupled to POLCOMS  3-D ecosystem fields Importance of Shelf Seas • Continental shelf waters = 10% of the global ocean area • 30% of global ocean production occurs in shelf seas making them a sink for atmospheric CO2 • Shelf seas can also be a source of CO2 to the atmosphere – origin terrestrially exported carbon • Net flux is unknown

  11. New CASIX CO2 flux climatologies Optimal interpolation techniques are used to combine parameters influencing air-sea gas exchange: wind speed and wind speed variability, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, sea surface roughness and the gradient of CO2 partial pressure across the air-sea interface Jan Work in Progress Jul CO2 flux mapsGlobal estimates of CO2 flux for January (top) and July (bottom) 2002 Hindcast CO2 fluxes20 year hindcast estimates of CO2 flux for global areas shown as coloured panels on map. http://www.soc.soton.ac.uk/lso/casix/prelim/

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