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What is anthrax?

2001 -- A letter containing anthrax spores is mailed to NBC one week after the September 11 terrorist attacks on the Pentagon and World Trade Center. It was the first of a number of incidents around the country. In Florida, a man dies after inhaling anthrax at the offices of American Media Inc.

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What is anthrax?

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  1. 2001 -- A letter containing anthrax spores is mailed to NBC one week after the September 11 terrorist attacks on the Pentagon and World Trade Center. It was the first of a number of incidents around the country. In Florida, a man dies after inhaling anthrax at the offices of American Media Inc.

  2. What is anthrax? Why are the Americans so afraid of it ?

  3. Anthrax

  4. What is Anthrax? • Anthrax is blamed for several devastating plagues that killed both humans and livestock. Soon after scientists learned more about it in the late 1800s, it emerged in World War I as a biological weapon.

  5. 1 . What is anthrax? • Morphology -----observation under microscope • Culture ------observation of colonies

  6. Morphology-----Observation under microscope • 1-1.2um in width 3-5 um in length • Gram positive • Sporeforming rod • Squared ends • Endospore: ellipsoidal shaped centrally

  7. Morphology-----Observation under microscope Endospore (resistant to staining) Squared ends

  8. Culture ----Observation of colonies • aerobic Optimal condition: 37 C PH: 7.2-7.4 • Blood plate • Common plate • Nutrient broth

  9. Observation of colonies • Diameter:2-4mm • Colour:grayishwhite • Rough colony : irregular, curving outgrowths from the margin. Colony of anthrax

  10. Observation of colony Incresed CO2 tension to 5% • Enhance production of poly -D-glutamyl capsule Mucoid colony type(thick capsule)

  11. Pathogenicity of B.Anthracis • Disease

  12. Pathogenicity of B.Anthracis Poly-D-glutamyl capsule important Anthrax toxin Polysaccharide of bacterium Antigen of spore

  13. Poly-D-glutamyl capsule All virulent strains of B.Anthracis form this capsule anti-phagocytosis capsule

  14. Anthrax Toxin Consist of 3 components : • EF(edema factor) A fragment • LF(lethal factor) (toxicity) • PA(protective antigen) B fragment (non-toxicity,binding receptor)

  15. Anthrax Toxin • There are 3 active combing forms: EF+PA LF+PA EF+LF+PA EF+LF inactive

  16. Disease multiply at the site of the lesion get into the circulation systemic pathology

  17. Cutaneous anthrax :Less lethal forms include cutaneous infections, which occur if anthrax spores come in contact with a cut or other opening in the skin • Pulmonary anthrax: If inhaled, anthrax spores can germinate and lead to infection within one to 60 days. This is pulmonary anthrax, which usually causes death. • Gastrointestinal anthrax :Another form of anthrax develops in the intestine of those who eat improperly cooked meat of animals that have been infected with anthrax

  18. Cutaneous Anthrax

  19. Epilogue • Naturally seldom get Anthrax from animals • No chance from person to person transmation • Treatment : antibiotics eg.penicillin

  20. Anthrax as a biological weapon? Use your knowledge to conquer the disease ,but not to destroy our life !

  21. 制作人员 • 刘雯敏 高敏 赵世春 李晓川 程超 李艳霞 • 曹昱琨 姜宁 李鹏 李山峰 聂磊 thank you!

  22. thank you ! byebye!

  23. PA+EF edema • EF: inherent adenylate cyclase • suceptic • EF+PA

  24. PA+LF lethal activity LF:Zn dependent protease that can include cytokine production in macrophage and lymphocyte MAPKK mitogen-activated protein kinase disrupt cellular signal

  25. PA+LF+EF edema,necrosis,lethal • Both the function of PA+EF and PA+LF • Others to neutrophil: • EF+LF engulfment of bacteria susceptibility to infection

  26. Skin anthrax • Less lethal forms include cutaneous infections, which occur if anthrax spores come in contact with a cut or other opening in the skin

  27. Pulmonary anthrax • If inhaled, anthrax spores can germinate and lead to infection within one to 60 days. This is pulmonary anthrax, which usually causes death. 肺炭疽胸片

  28. intestinal anthrax • Another form of anthrax develops in the intestine of those who eat improperly cooked meat of animals that have been infected with anthrax

  29. 1876 -- Robert Koch confirms bacterial origin of anthrax • 1880 -- First successful immunization of livestock against anthrax . • 1915 -- German agents in the United States believed to have injected horses, mules, and cattle with anthrax on their way to Europe during World War I • 1937 -- Japan starts biological warfare program in Manchuria, including tests involving anthrax • 1942 -- United Kingdom experiments with anthrax at Gruinard Island off the coast of Scotland. It was only recently decontaminated. • 1943 -- United States begins developing anthrax weapons • 1945 -- Anthrax outbreak in Iran kills 1 million sheep

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