Medicines and Drugs Chap. 23

1. Medicines and DrugsChap. 23

2. Medicines that Prevent Disease • Vaccines- Contain weakened or dead pathogens that stimulate your body to produce specific antibodies against those pathogens (long-lasting protections against pathogens in the future) • Antitoxins- Extracts of blood fluids contain antibodies and act more quickly than vaccines, the injection of antitoxins neutralizes the effect of toxins in humans

3. Medicines that Fight Pathogens • Antibiotics are a class of chemical agents that destroy disease causing microorganisms while leaving the patient unharmed • They work by killing harmful bacteria or by preventing bacteria from reproducing • In recent years strains of bacteria have emerged that are resistant to antibiotics • Occurs as a strain undergoes a change in genetic structure as a result of overexposure to antibiotics or not finishing a prescription

4. Medicine Misuse • Medicines can promote health and prevent disease, but it is the responsibility of individuals and families to use medicines and supplements as they are prescribed Medicine misuse includes: • Giving a prescription to a person for whom it was not prescribed to or taking another's medicine • Taking too much or too little of a medicine • Discontinuing use of a medicine without informing the health care professional • Mixing medicines

5. Factors that Influence Decision about Drugs • Peer Pressure • Family Members • Role Models • Media Messages • Perceptions

6. Consequences of Drug Use • Physical- Once a drug enters the bloodstream It can harm the brain, heart, lungs, and other vital organs (increase the risk of HIV through injection) • Mental/Emotional- Lose control of behavior, alters brain function, lose sight of values and beliefs • Social- Can have negative effect on relationships, can lead to school drop outs • Legal- Court fines, suspension of driving privileges, jail time, probation • Children- A pregnant female can pass drug to unborn child resulting in birth defects, behavioral problems, or death

7. Addiction cycle • Tolerance- Body needs more and more of the drug to get the same effect • Psychological Dependence- A person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function (develops over time) • Physiological Dependence- Use has a chemical need for a drug, symptoms include nervousness, insomnia, headaches, vomiting • Addiction- Compulsive use of a substance known by the user to be harmful

8. Marijuana • One of the most widely used illegal drugs • Often the first drug teens experiment with after alcohol • Contains more cancer causing chemicals than tobacco smoke • Carries the same health risks as smoking tobacco • Can be smoked or eaten

9. Lung irritation Increase risk of lung cancer Distorted sense of time and sight Paranoia Weakened Immune System Lowers Sperm count in males Increases testosterone levels in females (infertility) Pregnant females increase the risk of stillbirths Health Risks of Marijuana

10. Inhalants • Go immediately to the brain causing damage and actually killing brain cells that will never be replaced • These substances were never designed to be taken into the body causing nervous system damage Include: Aerosols, glues, gasoline, varnishes, and solvents

11. Anabolic Steroids • A synthetic substance that is similar to the male sex hormone testosterone • Can increase muscle strength, but tendons and ligaments don’t get stronger, resulting in injury • Can be taken as pill, injection, or liquid drops • Side effects include mood swings, impaired judgment, paranoia, even HIV due to needle sharing

12. Stimulants • Speeds up the central nervous system Consequences for your Health include: • Malnutrition, decreased appetite • Heart attack • Exposure to HIV through shared needles • Extreme addiction • Memory loss, nerve damage • Loss of muscle, loss of coordination • Rapid heart beat and high blood pressure

13. Cocaine • A rapid-acting, powerful, highly addictive stimulant that interrupts normal functioning of the central nervous system • It is a white powder extracted from the leaves of the coca plant • Effects of cocaine use can last from 20 minutes to several hours • Users are at risk of malnutrition, cardiac problems, collapsed nasal septum, HIV and emotional let downs • Can be snorted, injected, taken orally, and smoked (Crack)

14. Methamphetamine • Its a stimulant that is a white, odorless powder that easily dissolves in alcohol or water • This drug is readily available because it can be produced in makeshift labs • Users are at risk of extreme depression, paranoia, brain damage, and central nervous system damage • Can be smoked, taken orally, sniffed, or injected • Drug is derived from multiple ingredients which include Ether (engine starting fluid), drain cleaner, cold medicine, battery acid, break fluid, rat poison

15. Depressants • Slows down the central nervous system Consequences for your Health include: • Reduced heart rate • Fatigue, confusion, impaired coordination • Confusion, inability to remember • Impaired breathing • Depression, unusual excitement • Reduced respiratory function

16. Narcotics • Block pain messengers in the brain Consequences for your Health include: • Rapid onset of tolerance • Confusion, sedation, unconsciousness, coma • Reduced respiratory function • Exposure to HIV through used needles

17. Heroin • Is a processed form of morphine that can be injected, snorted, or smoked • Heroin abuse can cause infection of the heart lining, pneumonia, HIV, hepatitis B, collapsed veins, and coma • Users easily develop tolerance, which leads to increased usage • Withdrawal can extremely intense and very painful

18. Hallucinogens • Overload the sensory controls in the brain Consequences for your Health include: • Depression, paranoia • Panic, aggression • Increased heart and respiratory function • Delusions, hallucination, flashbacks, convulsions • Memory loss, impaired motor function

19. LSD • An extremely strong hallucinogen • Even a tiny amount can cause hallucinations and sever distorted perception of sound and color • Users are at risk of convulsions, coma, heart and lung failure, extreme panic, deep depression, and flash backs • Taken orally by liquid drops, sugar cubes, or tablets

20. Has a stimulant with hallucinogenic and amphetamine-like effects Users may experience high body temperature, fatal dehydration, deep depression, anxiety, paranoia, memory loss and brain damage Taken orally by a pill, tablet, or capsule. Can be crushed and snorted as well Designer Drugs (Ecstasy)

21. Lies about drug using Changes in eating habits Changes in sleeping habits Gets in trouble with authorities or school Difficulty concentrating Stops participating in activities that once were important Shuts themselves out from family and friends Warning Signs of Drug Use

22. Becoming Drug Free • Treatment Centers can help you through detoxification • Put yourself in a situation where you can avoid peer pressure • Stay involved with healthy activities • Become more involved in school • Become more involved with your community, reach out and help someone else

23. Meth House

24. Faces of Meth

25. Children and Meth