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What is aquaculture? Topic# 3071 By Rick Sokol

What is aquaculture? Topic# 3071 By Rick Sokol. Aquaculture. The controlled cultivation of aquatic plants and animals produced for several purposes. Food Stocking Bait Ornamental Industrial. Fish Farming one facet of aquaculture . Practiced for many centuries by: Chinese Egyptians

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What is aquaculture? Topic# 3071 By Rick Sokol

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  1. What is aquaculture?Topic# 3071By Rick Sokol

  2. Aquaculture The controlled cultivation of aquatic plants and animals produced for several purposes. • Food • Stocking • Bait • Ornamental • Industrial

  3. Fish Farmingone facet of aquaculture • Practiced for many centuries by: • Chinese • Egyptians • Romans • In this century, aquaculture has become an important supplier of fish and other products.

  4. Asiamost significant region in world for aquaculture • Over 80% of total world production. • Leading Producers • China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Thailand and the Philippines (carp & seaweed dominating production) • Use mixture of low and high levels of technology along with traditional techniques.

  5. U.S. Aquaculturevery small segment of total agricultural production • Relatively young and growing rapidly. • Although increasing in popularity, majority of fish eaten in U.S. are imported or are harvested by commercial fishermen from rivers, lakes and oceans.

  6. Species farmed in the U.S. • Channel catfish • Salmon • Trout • Bait • Ornamental fish • Crawfish • Shrimp • Oysters • Clams • Other species such as tilapia, hybrid striped bass, red drum, alligators, white sturgeon and aquatic plants are also produced, but on a smaller scale.

  7. Major Forcepushing growth of U.S. aquaculture • Declining population of seafood species in the wild - USDA's 1994 Aquaculture Situation & Outlook Report • Other factors include: • Desire for year-round supplies • Specific quality • Specific appearance • These helped in the development of the domestic trout and catfish industries. • Wild harvest can’t supply enough fish for demand.

  8. Present Day Aquaculture • Competitive to the wild harvest of seafood. • In the future, to become an integral part of the wild harvest fishing industry. • Allows management of wild resources to maintain long-term sustained harvests. • Management plans for controlled harvesting are being developed as species depletion grows. Hatchery-raised fish will be important part of management.

  9. Changing Lifestyles of Consumer • Increasing consumption of fish products will contribute to aquaculture's future growth. • If consumers view seafood as protein, then, in the U.S. seafood consumption could increase, currently it is small portion of overall meat consumption.

  10. Increase Production Efficiencyincreases sales • Reduce product prices • Relative costs of products drive gains and losses in consumption of meat products like beef, pork and poultry. • Major reason for rise in poultry consumption.

  11. Feed Conversion • Fish convert feed into flesh about 2x more efficiently than chickens and 5-10x more than beef. • Feed conversion rates of fish are higher than other livestock: • fish use foods that are less usable by land animals • require less energy from their foods • fish use entire pond, while land animals are confined to the ground

  12. Annual Yields • The proper combination of species, control of the environment and careful feeding results in yields of 6,250 lbs/acre. • Compared to 1,000 lbs/acre yield from beef. • The lure of increased production and high profits have accelerated the interest in aquaculture.

  13. New Advances in Bioengineering • Aquaculture producers have methods that could radically change production processes. • Use of gene transfer from one species to another creating transgenic fish that are genetically distinct.

  14. Transgenic Research • Enhance growth rate • Increase tolerance to different water temperatures • Improve disease resistance • Long-term impact on the ecosystem is unknown. Scientists urge caution to prevent accidental release until more is known.

  15. Outlook for Future • Fastest growing in U.S. agriculture, increasing over 20% annually in the ‘80s and ‘90s. • Recent statistics from 1980-1990, the average annual growth/year of aquaculture worldwide was 9.6%, outdistancing poultry meat, which grew at 4.2% per year.

  16. Consumer Awareness • Nutritional value of fish products • Greater acceptance in expanded markets • Increased availability at competitive prices • Expected to increase per capita consumption dramatically in the next 10 to 20 years

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