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Understanding Chemistry

Understanding Chemistry. Environmental Science 2010. PERIODIC TABLE. Living Matter made up of:. C = Carbon H = Hydrogen N = Nitrogen O = Oxygen P = Phosphorous S = Sulfur. Importance of pH=Homeostasis.

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Understanding Chemistry

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  1. Understanding Chemistry Environmental Science 2010

  2. PERIODIC TABLE

  3. Living Matter made up of: • C = Carbon • H = Hydrogen • N = Nitrogen • O = Oxygen • P = Phosphorous • S = Sulfur

  4. Importance of pH=Homeostasis 1. All living organisms require specific pH ranges in order for their cells to function properly. 2. pH – potential Hydrogen (H+) in water or whatever liquid is being measured.

  5. Importance of pH 3. In more everyday terms, pH is a unit of measure for determining if a liquid is acidic or basic (alkaline). 4. pH is measured on a scale of 0.0 to 14.0. a. Numbers < 7.0 = acidic b. Numbers > 7.0 = basic c. A pH of 7.0 indicates a neutral liquid

  6. pH: Acids and Bases • Acid—any substance that releases H+ (hydrogen ions) when mixed with water • Base—any substance that releases OH- (hydroxide ions) when mixed with water

  7. Acids and Bases • The stronger an acid is the lower its pH number. • The stronger a base is the higher its pH number.

  8. Acids = H+ ion • Examples of acids • Vinegar and battery acid are examples of acids. Acids have the following properties: • Acids taste sour. • They react strongly with metals. • Strong acids are dangerous and can burn your skin.

  9. Bases = OH- ion • Baking soda and bleach are examples of basic substances, or bases. Bases have the following properties: • Bases taste bitter. • They feel slippery. • Strong bases can burn your skin.

  10. More on pH • The pH scale is logarithmic. Means is that a change of one pH unit reflects a tenfold change in H+ concen or acidity. • Some examples can help illustrate how this works: a. Liquid with a pH of 6.0 = 10X more acidic than pure water (pH=7.0). b. Liquid with a pH of 5.0 =100 X(10x10) more acidic than pure water.

  11. More on pH… c. Liquid with a pH of 8.0 is ten times more basic than pure water. d. Liquid with a pH of 9.0 is one hundred times more basic than pure water.

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