US HISTORY STUDIES SINCE 1877

1. US HISTORY STUDIES SINCE 1877 ACTIVITY PERIOD PART II Jasper High School Social Studies Department

2. USHist_5A evaluate the impact of Progressive Era reforms, including initiative, referendum, recall, and the passage of the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th amendments; 40%

3. Vocabulary • Initiative • a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote

4. Vocabulary • Progressive • Progressives tried to eliminate corruption by exposing and undercutting political machines, bosses. • Period of social activism and political reform in the United States, that flourished from the 1890s to the 1920s. • One main goal of the Progressive movement was purification of government through direct democracy

5. Vocabulary • Recall • procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before his or her term has ended.

6. Vocabulary • Amendments • change to legal document: an addition or alteration to a motion, bill, or constitution

7. Vocabulary • Referendum • a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal

8. Fact • 16th Amendment • Allows the federal government to collect income tax.

9. Fact • 17th Amendment • Establishes the direct election of United States Senators by popular vote.

10. Fact • 18th Amendment • Prohibited the manufacturing or sale of alcohol within the United States.

11. Fact • 19th Amendment • Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on sex.

12. USHist_23B evaluate various means of achieving equality of political rights, including the 19th, 24th, and 26th amendments and congressional acts such as the American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924; and 41%

13. Vocabulary • Suffrage • right to vote gained through the democratic process

14. Vocabulary • Poll tax • Tax as a pre-condition of the exercise of the ability to vote. • emerged in some states of the United States in the late 19th century as part of the Jim Crow

15. Vocabulary • status of a person recognized under the custom or law of a state that bestows on that person (called a citizen ) the rights and privileges of citizenship • Citizenship

16. Fact • 19th Amendment • Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on sex.

17. Fact • 24th Amendment • Prohibits the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of a poll tax.

18. Fact • 26th Amendment • Prohibits the denial of the right of US citizens, eighteen years of age or older, to vote on account of age.

19. Fact • American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 • Snyder Act • Proposed by Representative Homer P. Snyder (R) of New York • Granted full U.S. citizenship to America's indigenous peoples, called "Indians"

20. USHist_21A analyze the effects of landmark U.S. Supreme Court decisions, including Brown v. Board of Education, and other U.S. Supreme Court decisions such as Plessy v. Ferguson, Hernandez v. Texas, Tinker v. Des Moines, Wisconsin v. Yoder, and White v. Regester; 42%

21. Vocabulary • Landmark • Landmark decisions establish a significant new legal principle or concept or otherwise substantially change the interpretation of existing law

22. Vocabulary • Separate But Equal • Legal doctrine in United States constitutional law that justified and permitted racial segregation, as not being in breach of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which guaranteed equal protection under the law to all citizens,. • government was allowed to require that services, facilities, public accommodations, housing, medical care, education, employment, and transportation be separated along racial lines, provided that the quality of each group's public facilities was equal.

23. Vocabulary • Desegregation • process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races

24. Fact • Brown v. Board of Education • Declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. • The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, insofar as it applied to public education.

25. Fact • Plessy v. Ferguson, • Upheld the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal".[

26. Fact • Hernandez v. Texas • Decided that Mexican Americans and all other racial groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution

27. Fact • Tinker v. Des Moines, • Defined the constitutional rights of students in U.S. public schools. • The Tinker test is still used by courts today to determine whether a school's disciplinary actions violate students' First Amendment rights.

28. Fact • Wisconsin v. Yoder, • Amish children could not be placed under compulsory education past 8th grade. • The parents' fundamental right to freedom of religion outweighed the state's interest in educating its children. • The case is a basis for parents' right to educate their children outside of traditional private or public schools.

29. Fact • White v. Regester, • Texas 1970 legislative reapportionment scheme, a three-judge District Court held that the House plan, state-wide, contained constitutionally impermissible deviations from population equality, and that the multi-member districts provided for Bexar and Dallas Counties invidiously discriminated against cognizable racial or ethnic groups.

30. USHist_7D analyze major issues of World War II, including the Holocaust; the internment of German, Italian, and Japanese Americans and Executive Order 9066; and the development of conventional and atomic weapons; 43%

31. Fact • Holocaust • the killing of millions of Jews and other people by the Nazis during World War II

32. Fact • The internment of German, Italian, and Japanese Americans • Internment is the imprisonment or of people, commonly in large groups, without trial. • WW II US detained German, Italian, and Japanese Americans.

33. Fact • Executive Order 9066 • FDR cleared the way for the deportation of Japanese Americans to internment camps. The executive order was spurred by a combination of war hysteria

34. Fact • Development of atomic weapons • During the 1930s, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada collaborated during World War II in what was called the Manhattan Project to counter the Nazi German atomic bomb project. • In August 1945 two bombs were dropped on Japan ending the Pacific War. • The Soviet Union started development shortly thereafter with their own atomic bomb project.

35. Fact • Development of conventional weapons • Conventional weapons include small arms and light weapons, sea and land mines, as well as (non-nuclear) bombs, shells, rockets, missiles, and cluster munitions. • These weapons use explosive material based on chemical energy, as opposed to nuclear energy in nuclear weapons. • Does not include biological weapons

36. USHist_23A identify and analyze methods of expanding the right to participate in the democratic process, including lobbying, non-violent protesting, litigation, and amendments to the U.S. Constitution; 44%

37. Vocabulary • Boycotts • act of voluntarily abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with a person, organization, or country as an expression of protest, usually for social or political reasons.

38. Vocabulary • lobbying • Lobbying (also lobby) is the act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials in the government

39. Vocabulary • litigation • Litigation is the term used to describe proceedings initiated between two opposing parties to enforce or defend a legal right. • Litigation is typically settled by agreement between the parties, but may also be heard and decided by a jury or judge in court.

40. Fact • methods of expanding the right to participate in the democratic process, • By Individuals Voting, campaigning, contributions to campaigns, boycotts, sit-ins, demonstrations, contacting policy makers • By political parties: nominate and support candidates financially, inform and activate supporters; criticizes the policies and behavior of party in power, • By interest groups: lobbying, providing information, organizing people, media campaigns • By media: report on news, provide debates; influence

41. Fact • non-violent protesting • Nonviolent resistance is the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political without using violence.

42. Fact • Amendments to the U.S. Constitution • Modification of the Constitution • Bill of Rights are the 1st Ten Amendments • 27 total amendments

43. USHist_30B use correct social studies terminology to explain historical concepts; and 44%

44. USHist_4D understand the contributions of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) led by General John J. Pershing; 45%

45. Vocabulary • Expeditionary • Sent to fight in a foreign country

46. Fact • American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) • The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) were the United States Armed Forces sent to Europe in World War I. • During the United States campaigns in World War I the AEF fought in France alongside French and British allied forces in the last year of the war, against Imperial German forces.

47. Fact • General John J. Pershing • A general officer in the United States Army who led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I.

48. USHist_9F describe presidential actions and congressional votes to address minority rights in the United States, including desegregation of the armed forces, the Civil Rights acts of 1957 and 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965; 46%

49. Fact • Desegregation of the armed forces • Executive Order 9981 issued on July 26, 1948 by President Harry S. Truman. • Abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services

50. Fact • Civil Rights Act of 1957 • The Civil Rights Act of 1957, enacted September 9, 1957, primarily a voting rights bill, was the first civil rights legislation passed by Congress in the United States since Reconstruction following the American Civil War.