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Chapter 17 O rganic Chemistry

Chapter 17 O rganic Chemistry. 17.2 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Polymers. Unsaturated Compounds: Alkenes and Alkynes. Unsaturated compounds have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes are alkenes with C=C double bonds are alkynes with triple C ≡ C bonds.

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Chapter 17 O rganic Chemistry

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  1. Chapter 17 Organic Chemistry 17.2 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Polymers

  2. Unsaturated Compounds: Alkenes and Alkynes Unsaturated compounds • have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes • are alkenes with C=C double bonds • are alkynes with triple C≡Cbonds

  3. Naming Alkenes and Alkynes The names of alkenes and alkynes • use the corresponding alkane names • change the end to ene for alkenes • change the end to yne for alkynes

  4. Naming Alkenes and Alkynes

  5. Naming Alkenes and Alkynes

  6. Example of Writing an Alkene Name Write the IUPAC name for the following: CH3 | CH3─CH=C─CH3

  7. Example of Writing an Alkene Name (continued) STEP 1 Name the longest carbon chain that contains a double or triple bond. butene STEP 2 Number the carbon chain starting from the end nearer the double or triple bond. CH3 | CH3─CH=C─CH3 4 3 2 1

  8. Example of Writing an Alkene Name (continued) STEP 3 Give the location and name of each substituent (alphabetical order) as a prefix to the alkene or alkyne name. CH3 | CH3─CH=C─CH3 2-methyl-2-butene 4 3 2 1

  9. Learning Check Write the IUPAC name for the following: Br  CH3─CH─CC─CH3

  10. Solution STEP 1 Name the longest carbon chain that contains a double or triple bond. pentyne STEP 2 Number the carbon chain starting from the end nearer the double or triple bond. Br  CH3─CH─C≡C─CH3 5 4 3 2 1

  11. Solution (continued) STEP 3 Give the location and name of each substituent (alphabetical order) as a prefix to the alkene or alkyne name. Br  CH3─CH─C≡C─CH3 5 4 3 2 1 4-bromo-2-pentyne

  12. Learning Check Draw the condensed structural formula for 2-methyl-3-hexyne.

  13. Solution STEP 1 Draw the main chain of carbon atoms.For 3-hexyne, there are six carbon atoms in the chain, with a triple bond between carbons 3 and 4, C─C─C≡C─C─C STEP 2 Number the chain and place the substituents on the carbons indicated by the numbers. CH3  C─C─C≡C─C─C 1 2 3 4 5 6

  14. Solution (continued) STEP 3 Add the correct number of hydrogen atoms to give four bonds to each C atom. CH3  CH3─CH─C≡C─CH2─CH3 1 2 3 4 5 6 2-methyl-3-hexyne

  15. Polymers Polymersare • large, long-chain molecules • found in nature, including cellulose in plants, starches in food, and proteins and DNA in the body • also made synthetically, for example, polyethylene and polystyrene, Teflon, and nylon • made up of small repeating units called monomers • made by reaction of small alkenes

  16. Synthetic Polymers in Everyday Items

  17. Polymerization In polymerization, small repeating units called monomersjoin to form a long-chain polymer.

  18. Some Alkenes and Their Polymers

  19. Learning Check What is the name and condensed structural formula of the starting monomer for polyethylene?

  20. Solution Ethene (ethylene) CH2=CH2

  21. Learning Check Name the monomer used to make Teflon, and use four monomers to draw the condensed structural formula of a portion of a Teflon polymer.

  22. Solution F F │ │ F─C═C─F tetrafluoroethene (monomer) F FF F F FF F │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ─C─C─C─C─C─C─C─C─ portion of Teflon │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ F FF F F FF F

  23. Recycling Plastics Recycling is simplified by using codes found on plastic items.

  24. Learning Check What type of plastic is indicated by each of the following codes? A. B. C. 3 PVC 5 PP 6 PS

  25. Solution A.Polyvinyl chloride B. Polypropylene C. Polystyrene 3 PVC 5 PP 6 PS

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