1 / 80

Unit 10

Unit 10. Surgery, Diabetes, Immunology, Lesions, and Prefixes of Numbers and Direction. Type 1 Diabetes. Individual produces very little or no endogenous insulin to carry glucose into cells Results in hyperglycemia Must take ectogenous (exogenous) insulin. Symptoms of Diabetes.

ince
Download Presentation

Unit 10

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Unit 10 Surgery, Diabetes, Immunology, Lesions, and Prefixes of Numbers and Direction

  2. Type 1 Diabetes • Individual produces very little or no endogenous insulin to carry glucose into cells • Results in hyperglycemia • Must take ectogenous (exogenous) insulin

  3. Symptoms of Diabetes • Classic symptoms include excessive: • Urination • poly/ur/ia • Thirst • poly/dips/ia • Hunger • poly/phag/ia

  4. Terms with lapar/o • lapar/o = combining form for abdominal wall • Examples: • lapar/ectomy = excision of part of abdominal wall • lapar/o/scopy = process of examining abdominal wall • lapar/o/scope = instrument for examining abdominal wall

  5. Laparoscopic Procedures • lapar/o/scop/ically assisted vaginal hyster/ectomy = removal of uterus through vagina looking through laparoscope • lapar/o/scop/ic chole/cyst/ectomy = removal of gallbladder with assistance of laparoscope

  6. Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy

  7. Terms with lapar/o • lapar/o/tomy = incision into abdominal wall • lapar/o/rrhaghy = suturing of abdominal wall

  8. Terms with pry/o • pyr/o = combining form with words to mean heat, fever, or fire • Examples: • pyr/o/phobia = abnormal fear of fire • pyr/o/maniac = one who has excessive preoccupation for starting or seeing fires • pyr/osis = condition of heartburn • pry/o/toxin = poison produced by high body temperature

  9. Fever • hyper/pyrexia = condition of high fever • More than 102° Fahrenheit • pyr/o/lysis = destruction by fever • pry/o/meter = instrument for measuring heat • Thermometer

  10. Sweat • hidr/o = combining form for sweat • Examples: • hidr/osis = condition of sweating • hyper/hidr/osis = profuse sweating • hidr/o/rrhea = flow of sweat • an/hidr/osis = absence of sweat • hidr/aden/itis = inflammation of sweat glands

  11. Sugar • glyc/o and gluc/o = sugar • Examples: • glyc/o/genesis and gluc/o/genesis = formation of sugar • glyc/o/protein and gluc/o/protein = substance made of sugar and protein • glyc/o/suria and gluc/o/suria = sugar in urine • glyc/o/hem/o/globin = sugar and hemoglobin

  12. Sugar • Examples: • glyc/o/gen = starch formed from simple sugars and stored as reserve fuel • glyc/o/gen/esis = formation of glycogen from carbohydrates • Body converts glycogen to glucose • Cells use to release energy • glyc/o/lysis = breakdown to glycogen to glucose

  13. Sugar • Examples: • glyc/o/rrhea = discharge of sugar from body • glyc/emia = sugar in blood • hyper/glyc/emia = high level of sugar in blood • Symptom of diabetes • hypo/glyc/emia = low blood sugar • Can occur if person produces too much insulin

  14. Sugar • gluc/o = combining form for glucose • Examples: • gluc/o/gen/esis = formation of glucose from glycogen stores • gluc/ose = used by muscles to release energy

  15. Diabetes Mellitus • Type 1 • Characteristics: • Exogenous insulin-dependent • Onset in youth • Tendency to ketoacidosis • Viral etiology • Autoimmune basis • Genetic predisposition

  16. Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 • Characteristics: • Noninsulin-dependent • Onset in adults over age 40 • Some endogenous insulin production • Obesity or normal weight • Can be treated with diet and oral hypoglycemic agents

  17. Diabetes Mellitus • Gestational • Characteristics: • Occurs in individuals not previously diabetic • Develop hyperglycemia during pregnancy • May progress to diabetes mellitus or return to normal glucose levels postpartum

  18. Immunology • immun/ity = one of body’s defenses against disease • immun/o = combining form • Example: • immun/o/logy = study of function of immune system

  19. Immunology • Three types of immunity: • Natural • Part of one’s physiology • Natural passive • Passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy or to infant through breastfeeding • Artificial • Scientifically designed • E.g., vaccinations

  20. Immunology • Artificial immunity • Passive • immun/o/globulin injections = given to boost immune response • Active • Vaccines containing specific antigens stimulate lymphatic system to produce matching antibodies

  21. Immunology • immun/o/therapy • immun/izations = injections that stimulate immune response • Also known as vaccin/a/tions • 11 recommend before age 7 for general population

  22. Immunology • Immune response • Production of antibodies by lymphocytes to disable antigens • Antigen • Foreign substance that invades body

  23. Immunology • immun/o/deficiency = pertains to deficient immune system that is unable to fight off disease • HIV causes AIDS

  24. Terms with aut/o • aut/o = combining form for self • Examples: • aut/o/nomic = self-controlling • aut/o/dia/gnos/is = diagnosing one’s own diseases • aut/o/phobia = abnormal fear of being alone • aut/o/lysis = self-destruction

  25. Terms with aut/o • aut/o/immun/ity = condition when body produces antibodies to its own tissue • Autoimmune disorders: • Rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus

  26. Terms with aut/o • aut/o/logous and aut/o/genous = adjectives meaning originating in itself or coming from one’s own body • aut/o/logousbloodtransfusion = transfusion with one’s own blood drawn before having surgery

  27. Terms with aut/o • aut/o/hem/o/therapy = therapy with one’s own blood • aut/o/graft = skin graft using one’s own healthy skin • aut/o/plasty = surgery using grafts from one’s own body

  28. Numeric Prefixes

  29. Numeric Prefixes

  30. Numeric Prefixes

  31. Prefix: mono- • mono- = one or single • Examples: • mono/cyte = one cell • Type of leukocyte • mono/cyt/osis = condition of increase in monocytes • mono/nucle/osis = viral infection that can damage liver • Indicated by abnormally high monocyte count

  32. Prefix: mono- • Examples: • mono/nucle/arcell = has one nucleus • mono/graph = written study of single subject • mono/mania = preoccupation with one subject only • mono/ma = one tumor • mono/my/o/plegia = paralysis of one muscle • mono/neur/al = pertaining to one nerve

  33. Prefix: multi- • multi- = many or more than one • Adjectives meaning something has many: • multi/capsular = capsules • multi/glandular = glands • multi/nuclear = nuclei

  34. Terms with para • para = live birth • Used in words to indicate number of times woman has given birth • multi/parous = adjectival form

  35. Terms with para • Examples: • multi/para = more than one child • Multiple births • E.g., twins • nulli/para = no live births • primi/para = first live birth

  36. Example of Multiparous Birth

  37. Terms with para • para = whole word, suffix, and prefix • To indicate number of times woman has given birth, write para and number • E.g., para II or para 2 • E.g., para IV or para 4

  38. Gravida • Pregnant • Origin • Latin • gravida = heavy or weighted down • primi/gravida = first pregnancy

  39. Gravida • Medical notations: • E.g., four pregnancies, two live births, and two spontaneous abortions = grav 4, ab 2, and para 2 or G4, AB2, and P2

  40. Prefixes: deca- and deci- • deca- = used in words to mean ten • Example: • deca/liter = ten liters • deci- = used in words to mean one tenth • Example: • deci/liter = one tenth of a liter

  41. Prefixes: kilo- and milli- • kilo- = used in words to mean one thousand • Examples: • kilo/meter = one thousand meters • kilo/gram = one thousand grams

  42. Prefixes: kilo- and milli- • milli- = used in words to mean one thousandth • Examples: • milli/meter = one thousandth of a meter • milli/gram = one thousandth of a gram

  43. Prefix: hecto- • hecto- = used in words to mean one hundred • Examples: • hecto/meter = one hundred meters • hecto/gram = one hundred grams

  44. Prefix: centi- • centi- = used in words to mean one hundredth • Examples: • centi/meter = one hundredth of a meter • centi/gram = one hundredth of a gram

  45. Cubic Centimeter (cc) • Volume measurement frequently used when giving injections • Amount equals space occupied by one centimeter cubed • Medications sometimes expressed in fractions of a cc

  46. Prefixes of Direction

  47. Prefix: ab- • ab- = away from • Examples: • ab/duction = away from midline • ab/normal = away from normal • ab/errant = wandering away from normal course • ab/or/al = away from mouth • ab/irritant = something that takes away irritation

  48. Abduction and Adduction

  49. Prefix: ab- • ab/lact/ation = taking baby away from breastfeeding or cessation of milk secretion • ab/ort/ion = termination of pregnancy • Spontaneous abortion • Naturally occurring termination of pregnancy • Also known as miscarriage

  50. Prefix: ab- • ab/rade = scrape skin away • ab/rasion = injury involving scraping away of skin • Other types of wounds: • Laceration • Cut • Contusion • Bruise

More Related