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核酸催化

核酸催化. 张志超 精细化工国家重点实验室. Ribozyme—— 具有催化功能的 RNA. 一、 ribozyme 的发现. 80 年代初期,美国科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的 Thomas Cech 和美国耶鲁大学的 Sidnery Altan 各自独立地发现 RNA 具有生物催化功能 . 从而改变了生物催比剂的传统概念。 为此, T.Cech 和 S.Altman 共同获得了 1989 年度诺贝尔化学奖。. The M1 RNA in ribonuclease P is catalytic. The intron in the pre-rRNA of

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核酸催化

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  1. 核酸催化 张志超 精细化工国家重点实验室

  2. Ribozyme——具有催化功能的RNA

  3. 一、ribozyme的发现 • 80年代初期,美国科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的Thomas Cech和美国耶鲁大学的Sidnery Altan各自独立地发现RNA具有生物催化功能.从而改变了生物催比剂的传统概念。 • 为此,T.Cech和S.Altman共同获得了1989年度诺贝尔化学奖。

  4. The M1 RNAin ribonucleaseP is catalytic The intron in the pre-rRNA of Tetrahemena is self-spliced

  5. 核酶的分类 • 剪接型 • 剪切型 • Can operate on itself (single turnover, not a true catalyst), or ona separate molecule (multiple turnover, true catalyst) • two phospho-transesterifications

  6. 核酶的剪接机制 鸟苷的3’-OH攻击内含子的5’剪接点,并与Intron的5’-端磷酸基形成共价键连接,同时5’外显子脱落下来,但3’外显子此时仍与Intron相连。 5’-端外显子的3’-OH进攻内含子的3’剪接点并使413nt的内含子脱落,同时5’外显子与3’外显子连接成成熟rRNA。

  7. Secondary and possible tertiary structure of the self-splicing rRNA intron from Tetrahymena. Intron and exon sequences are shaded yellow and green, respectively.

  8. 四膜虫核酶的X-ray结构 Combination of structural and biochemical studies suggests a mechanism mediated by several bound magnesium cations

  9. Ribozyme的应用 • Ribozyme的发现使我们认识到酶不一定都是蛋白质,这些Ri-bozyme主要用在RNA分子的切割与降解上。因为真核生物的突变体很难获得,假如用特制的Ribozyme破坏切割特定的RNA分子,使这种RNA不能表达出相应的蛋白质,我们再进一步观察其表型变化,从而了解这个基因的功能。 • 另外在医学方面,可以用特别的Ribozyme切割一些对人体有害的RNA,达到解除有害基因功能的目的,这也是基因治疗的又一条路子。 • 在动植物育种方面,可以将具有破坏病毒RNA的Ribozyme基因导入动植物细胞,提高动植物抗病毒能力。

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