Africa SS7G2 – discuss environmental issues across the continent of Africa

1. AfricaSS7G2 – discuss environmental issues across the continent of Africa

2. 38. What is one of the major problems facing those who depend on the Nile River for their water? • The Nile River no longer has any fish • The Nile is too shallow to be used for transportation. • The river always dries up during the summer months. • The water is contaminated with human and industrial waste.

3. 39. How did the Aswan High Dam change Egyptian farming? • The Dam has allowed year-round irrigation. • The Dam allowed more silt to be washed down the river. • The Dam has increased the annual flooding of the Nile River. • Many men were able to give up farming and work in construction.

4. 40. What is silt? • A type of chemical fertilizer • A chemical used to produce electricity • Industrial pollution found in the Nile River • Rich topsoil carried from one location to another by floodwaters

5. 41. Continued use of chemical fertilizer causes what to build up in soil? • Silt • Salt • Animal waste • Rocks and gravel

6. 42. Which part of Africa has access to the Niger River? • Sahel • Lake Victoria • Sahara Desert • Kalahari Desert

7. 43. Which BEST describes a major use of the Niger River? • Little used because it is too shallow • Source of much hydroelectric power • Used for transportation and agriculture • Used for irrigation projects in the Sahara Desert

8. 44. Which BEST describes a major use of the Congo River? • Irrigation and farmland • Water only for rainforest animals • Supplying pipelines to share water with Egypt • Transportation of goods and people from the interior of Africa to the Indian Ocean

9. 45. What do some people believe might lead to “water wars” I Africa in the future? • Demands to reroute water to the deserts • Competition among countries that share a river system • Demands to reroute rivers to supply water to the rainforests • United Nations decrees telling African nations how to share water

10. 46. Why do some governments ignore industrial pollution of major rivers and waterways? • They want the industries to be profitable. • The people of most countries do not care about pollution. • Industries always have plans to clean up polluting wastes. • Most government officials do no recognize pollution as a problem.

11. 47. What destroyed the grassland and forests that were once found in the Sahel? • Years of heavy flooding • The development of factories • Continuous farming and over-grazing • Repeated use by nomads and camel caravans

12. 48. Why are droughts a problem for farmers in the Sahel? • Animals move into the desert to find water • The desert stops expanding when there is rain in the Sahel • The soil is of poor quality and dry conditions result in even fewer crops • People do no try to farm in the Sahel any more due to the increased rainfall

13. 49. Which is the result of desertification for the people living in the Sahel region? • Increased tourism • More jobs in manufacturing • Increased starvation and poverty • Decreased support from the United Nations

14. 50. Which has been a major cause of desertification? • Years of uncontrolled flooding • Overuse of the land by the people • Heavy seasonal winds coming off the desert • Sharp and unexpected changes in the climate

15. 51. Which African country is losing its rainforest most rapidly today? • Egypt • Congo • Kenya • Nigeria

16. 52. Why is most rainforest area lost today? • Unchecked forest fires • Harsh drought and high winds • Diseases that attack old growth trees • Logging for industry, farming, and fuel

17. 53. Which is the location of most desertification in southern Africa? • Sahel • Sahara Desert • Kalahari Desert • Tropical rainforest

18. 54. What is meant by the “Green Line” when one is talking about desertification? • The line between the desert and cultivated areas • The line dividing rural and urban neighborhoods • The point in a river at which water pollution begins • A barrier put up around factories to keep people away for their own safety

19. SS7G3 – explain the impact of location, climate, and physical characteristics on population distribution in Africa

20. 55. Which phrase best describes the Sahara region? • hot, dry desert • Rolling grassland • Tropical rainforest • Scattered grassland and scrub brush

21. 56. What is a nomad? • Plantation owners who live along the coast • Industrial workers who live in African cities • One who wanders from place to place to find food and water • Those who live and farm in the villages on the edge of the desert

22. 57. What were two of the most important trade goods carried across the Sahara Desert by camel caravan? • Gold and salt • Iron and silver • Gold and silver • Spices and wood

23. 58. What has been the most reliable way to get across the Sahara over the centuries? • Camel • Horse • Railroad • Wagon

24. 59. What is the name for a desert area that gets some rainfall or where there is a spring? • Nomad • Oasis • Savanna • Tuarag

25. 60. Which phrase best describes the Sahel? • Rolling grasslands and low hills • An area that borders the desert • A desert made up of high sand dunes • Cleared land that was once rainforest

26. 61. Why is farming so difficult in the African Sahel? • No rain falls in the Sahel at all. • Thick grass makes farming difficult. • Rainfall can very widely from year to year. • Farm animals in the Sahel eat up all the crops.

27. 62. What is the most common way people make a living in the Sahel? • Logging • Fishing and shipbuilding • Caravan trade in gold and salt • Herding and subsistence farming

28. 63. Which is a consequence of cutting down trees for fuel in the Sahel? • Civil war • Desertification • Overpopulation • Wealthy loggers

29. 64. How large is the region known as the African Sahel? • The Sahel is found along the Mediterranean coast. • The Sahel makes up the southern half of the country. • The Sahel is found just along the west coast of the continent. • The region extends from the Red Sea to the Atlantic Ocean just south of the Sahara Desert.

30. 65. Which phrase best describes the savanna? • A semi-arid region just south of the Sahara Desert • An area of harsh desert in the north of the continent • Grasslands making up half of the African continent • An area of fertile plain along the Mediterranean coast

31. 66. Which is found on the African savanna? A. a heavy jungle canopy B. A wide variety of animals C. Dry areas with just an occasional oasis D. Lots of commercial logging business

32. 67. Which is the greatest danger for the African savanna today? • Seasonal fires • Logging industries • The annual drought • Activities of people

33. 68. What are some African countries trying to do to protect the savanna? A. Setting land aside as national parks B. Setting up zoos for the animals that are threatened C. Stopping all commercial logging in central Africa D. Refusing to let people move into the savanna area

34. 69. Which phrase BEST describes the rainforest? • Hot and dry desert • Semi-arid farmland • Rolling grassy plains • Humid and warm with thick vegetation

35. 70. How does the African rainforest rank in the world in terms of size? • The largest in the world • The second largest in the world • One of the smallest in the world • Large but not in comparison with most others in the world

36. 71. In what part of Africa is the largest rainforest found? • The Nile River basin • The Niger River basin • The Congo River basin • The Mediterranean coast

37. 72. Beginning in the 1800’s, what did European nations do that affected the African rainforest? • Cleared large areas of land for great plantations • Passed laws protecting the rainforests from development • Moved Europeans who had no homes to land in the rainforest • Helped African nomads relocate from the desert to farms in the rainforest

38. 73. What is the definition of “deforestation”? • Eliminating a species of an animal • Creating nature preserves to protect forests • Cutting down and clearing trees from the area • Forcing people to move from cities into traditional forest villages

39. 74. What does it mean if a plant or animal becomes extinct? • It begins to smell very bad. • That type of animal can be used for food. • That type of animal becomes too numerous. • There are no more of that type of plant or animal alive in the world.

40. 75. Which is a factor in the destruction of the African rainforest? • Annual grass fires • Areas of decreasing desert • Rapidly growing population • Decreased use of wood as fuel