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Gene Expression: Replication, Transcription, Translation

Gene Expression: Replication, Transcription, Translation. From DNA to Protein. Replication:Where does it take place?. Eukaryotic cells? Where are the DNA located? So where does it take place? Prokaryotic Cells? Where are the DNA located? So where does it take place?. How does it work?.

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Gene Expression: Replication, Transcription, Translation

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  1. Gene Expression:Replication, Transcription, Translation From DNA to Protein

  2. Replication:Where does it take place? • Eukaryotic cells? • Where are the DNA located? • So where does it take place? • Prokaryotic Cells? • Where are the DNA located? • So where does it take place?

  3. How does it work? • Step one • Enzymes recognize the origin of replication.The sequence where replication starts at. • Other enzymes unwind and separate the bonds forming a replication bubble. • The DNA strands continue to unwind, forming a replication fork on each side of the bubble.

  4. How does it work? • Step Two • Complimentary bases are added at the origin of replication • In the 5’-3’ direction • Leading strand- bases added continually • Lagging strand- bases are added in fragments

  5. What does replication look like?

  6. What does it make? • What was the purpose again? • So what does it make? • How many molecules does it start with? • How many molecules does it end with?

  7. Which method is right?

  8. Transcription:What is its purpose? • Makes an RNA strand from a DNA template • The part that is being transcribed is the gene

  9. What is a gene?

  10. Transcription:Where does it take place? • Eukaryotic cells • Where is the DNA located in the cell? • So where does it take place? • Prokaryotic cells • Where is the DNA located in the cell? • So where does it take place?

  11. How does it work? • RNA polymerase binds to the DNA and, along with other cofactors, unwinds the DNA. • DNA template strand is used to create the RNA strand. • Complimentary base pairs are added. • Who can remember what the main difference is between DNA Replication and transcription? • There are some unwanted sequences on this strand • What are Introns? • What are Exons? • Why are they removed? • What is the new strand called?

  12. What does it make? • What was its purpose again? • Make an RNA strand from a DNA template • The molecule that contains introns and extrons is called premRNA • The modified RNA strand is called mRNA- because it carries the genetic message to the protein synthesizing molecule ________.

  13. Translation:What is its purpose? • To make a protein from an RNA strand • What molecules make up a protein?

  14. Translation:Where does it take place? • Where is the site of protein synthesis? • Where is this located within the cell? • So where do you think translation occurs?

  15. How does it work? • mRNA exits the nucleus and attaches to __________ which is the site of protein synthesis • http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranslation.html

  16. What is this tRNA molecule?

  17. How does it work? • A tRNA molecule attaches to the Psite. Its anticodon region binds to the triplet codon. (start codon) • A different tRNA molecule attaches to the Asite, its anticodon region binds to the triplet codon. • The amino acid on the tRNA located at the Psite binds to the amino acid on the tRNA at the Asite. The tRNA that looses the amino acid releases, and the ribosome moves to the next triplet. • The tRNA from the Asite moves to the Psite, and a new tRNA moves to the now empty Asite and the process continues. • The process continues until it reaches the stop codon, and the newly synthesized protein is released

  18. What does it make? • What structure was formed? • What does it take to make that structure functional? • Why does our body need proteins?

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