Women in the US

1. Women in the US • Master LEA 1 • http://johncmullen.blogspot.com • (Thanks to Amy Wells)

7. 1) In what year did women in the United States win the right to vote? 2) Which was the first state to grant women the vote in presidential elections? 3) Why were women arrested and force-fed in prison in 1917? 4) What was the margin of victory when the 19th Amendment was finally passed by the U.S. Congress? 5) In which year did English women get the vote? 6) In which year did French women get the vote?

8. Answers 1) 1920 2) 72 3) Susan B. Anthony 4) Wyoming 5) Theyhadprotested (picketed the White House) 6) 1 vote 7) 1918/1928 8) 1945

9. Throughout early American history women were seen as virtuous protectors of American ideals - liberty, freedom and righteousness. Despite this women lacked many legal rights during this time; they lack property rights, voting rights, the right to serve on juries, etc. The early Women’s Movement sought equal rights to men both in the law and the workplace.

10. The Second Great Awakening “Spiritual Reform From Within”[Religious Revivalism] Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality Education Temperance Abolitionism Asylum &Penal Reform Women’s Rights

11. Early 19c Women • Unable to vote. • Legal status of a minor. • Single --> could own her ownproperty. • Married --> no control over herproperty or her children. • Could not initiate divorce. • Couldn’t make wills, sign a contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission.

12. Women’s Rights 1840 --> split in the abolitionist movement over women’s role in it. London --> World Anti-Slavery Convention Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott 1848 --> Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments

13. Cult of Domesticity = Slavery The 2nd Great Awakening inspired women to improve society. Lucy Stone Angelina Grimké Sarah Grimké • American Women’s Suffrage Assoc. • edited Woman’s Journal • Southern Abolitionists R2-9

14. Women’s Rights Movement • 1848: Feminist reform led to Seneca Falls Convention • Significance: launched modern women’s rights movement • Established the arguments and the program for the women’s rights movement for the remainder of the century

15. SENECA FALLS • The first Woman’s rights movement was in Seneca Falls, New York in 1849…… • Educational and professional opportunities • Property rights • Legal equality • repeal of laws awarding the father custody of the children in divorce. • Suffrage rights

16. SENECA FALLS • The following is an excerpt from the Seneca Falls Declaration written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

17. SENECA FALLS We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed……

18. SENECA FALLS • The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world…. • He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civilly dead. • He has taken from all right in property, even to the wages she earns.

19. SENECA FALLS He has made her, morally, an irresponsible being, as she can commit many crimes with impunity, provided they be done in the presence of her husband. In the covenant of marriage, she is compelled to promise obedience to her husband, he becoming, to all intents and purposes, her master; the law giving him power to deprive her of her liberty, and to administer chastisement.

21. AMENDMENT XV SECTION 1. • The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. SECTION 2. • The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 1871

22. Fifteenth Amendment, 1871 • Granted African-American men the right to vote • Many women who thought African American men and women would be enfranchised together were disappointed • African Americans split over whether men should get vote before women

23. Sojourner Truth, 1869 “There is a great stir about colored men getting their rights, but not a word about the colored women . . . And if colored men get their rights, and not colored women theirs, you see the colored men will be masters over the women, and it will be just as bad as it was before.”

24. Before 1910 • The women’s suffrage movement splits, but then unites in 1890 fusing into the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) • Big leaders: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Two big strategies: • Try to win suffrage state-by-state • Try to pass a Constitutional Amendment (but this would need to be ratified by 36 states--or three-fourths)

25. Susan B. Anthony tried several times to introduce an Amendment bill in the late 1800s, but it was always killed in the Senate. • http://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/susan-b-anthony/videos/the-people-speak-3 Susan B. Anthony

26. Anti-Suffragists: Those who opposed suffrage (many “Anti’s” were women)

27. Arguments of Anti-Suffragists: • Women were high-strung, irrational, emotional • Women were not smart or educated enough • Women should stay at home • Women were too physically frail; they would get tired just walking to the polling station • Women would become masculine if they voted

29. The Next Generation • Elizabeth Cady Stanton died 1902 • Susan B. Anthony died 1906 • But in the early 1900s many young middle-class women were going to college and joining the suffrage movement • Many working-class women also joined the cause, hoping the right to vote would help improve working conditions

30. Carrie Chapman Catt • Carrie Chapman Catt led the National American Woman Suffrage Association. • She believed in: • A Careful state-by-state strategy • Supporting President Wilson even if he doesn’t outright support suffrage (Democrats were safer than Republicans) • Acting ladylike & not embarrassing the movement http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Carrie_Chapman_Catt.jpg/220px-Carrie_Chapman_Catt.jpg

31. National Woman’s Party • Alice Paul led the National Woman’s Party. • She believed in more aggressive strategies: • Focused on passing a Constitutional Amendment • Picked up un-ladylike strategies from British suffragists (e.g., heckling politicians, picketing) • Refused to support President Wilson if he wouldn’t support woman suffrage • NWP members were arrested for picketing in front of the White House; they were put in jail, went on a hunger strike and were force-fed http://media.nj.com/ledgerupdates_impact/photo/2010/03/alice-paul-nj-hall-of-famejpg-9573935d533400bc_large.jpg

32. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Official_program_-_Woman_suffrage_procession_March_3,_1913_-_crop.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Official_program_-_Woman_suffrage_procession_March_3,_1913_-_crop.jpg

33. NWP Actions

34. Margaret Sanger 1879–1966 • American leader in the birth control movement • She was convinced that her family planning was a necessary step in social progress. • Indicted in 1915 for sending birth control information through the mail • Arrested for conducting a birth control clinic in Brooklyn (1916) • Clinic: 1923-1970 • Formed the National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control (Today’s Planned Parenthood) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/MargaretSanger-Underwood.LOC.jpg

35. 19th Amendment, 1920 “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.” (Tennessee was the 36th state to ratify and it passed by only 1 vote)

36. Can a woman be President of the United States of America? • The male-female double standard for political candidates, especiallyregarding media coverage http://www.cosmopolitan.com/politics/news/a57548/female-male-politicians-double-standards/ • Is a womanphysicallystrongenough? https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/09/12/the-pervasive-paranoia-of-hillary-clinton-strikes-again/ • Whatdoes Chuck Norris think? • Not onlywouldherpresidencybe “Obama, the Sequel,” but shewouldbe an unbridled, more powerful, mega-wealthy, powder-keg Obama personality.Read more: http://www.thepoliticalinsider.com/with-only-21-words-chuck-norris-nukes-hillary-clintons-2016-campaign-must-read/#ixzz4Ko6ixUCf

37. 1921 Margaret Sanger founds the American Birth Control League

38. 1922 First woman state senatorReneccaFelton

39. 1935 Mary Macleod Bethunefounds National Council of Negro Women

40. Eugenie Anderson isappointed in 1949 US Ambassador by President Harry Truman

41. 1955 founding of the organization « Daughters of Bilitis »

42. 1957 Decoy: Police woman

43. 1963

44. 1963 EqualPayAct

45. 1965 Rachel Henderliteis the first womanordained as a presbyterianminister

47. 1966 BobbiGibb first woman to run Boston Marathon, thoughitwasagainst the rules (until 1971)

48. 1972 full launch of Ms magazine

49. 1972 The EqualRightsAmendment to the US constitution ispassed by congress, but not ratified by enough states (38 would have been necessary)

50. 1973