1 / 36

Rise of the Hospital: 1700-1900

Rise of the Hospital: 1700-1900. Islamic Medical Institutions. Hospitals More medically oriented than their western counterparts Developed a teaching function sooner, as well. Types of Hospitals. Poor law hospitals Royal hospitals (London only) Endowed by Henry VIII Voluntary hospitals

Download Presentation

Rise of the Hospital: 1700-1900

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Rise of the Hospital: 1700-1900

  2. Islamic Medical Institutions • Hospitals • More medically oriented than their western counterparts • Developed a teaching function sooner, as well

  3. Types of Hospitals • Poor law hospitals • Royal hospitals (London only) • Endowed by Henry VIII • Voluntary hospitals • First emerged in 18th century

  4. Voluntary General Hospitals • Also intended to care for the poor • Depended on donations • 1st established in London in 1720 (Westminster) • Last – St. Mary’s (1851)

  5. Donors provided with incentives to donate • Given admitting privileges to hospital • Could sponsor specific patients • Only sponsored patients admitted

  6. Hospitals controlled by the donors • Only “deserving” poor admitted • “Undeserving” poor went to poor law hospitals

  7. Patients selected on the basis of: • Moral behaviour • Utilitarianism • Preferred to admit adult males who were gainfully employed • Utilitarian principles influenced much of charitable work in the 19th century

  8. Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) • John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) • An action is right only if it produces the most benefit

  9. Voluntary hospitals competed with a wide range of other charities • Needed to appeal to self-interest of donors • Enabled them to create institutions in their own image • Reflected their moral anxieties

  10. Specialist Voluntary Hospitals 1. Lock Hospitals

  11. Admitted women suffering from VD • Reflected British middle class anxieties about prostitutes & working class women • Purpose was to morally reform prostitutes

  12. Linda Mahood. The Magdalenes: Prostitution in the Nineteenth Century • Judith Walkowitz. Prostitution in Victorian Society: Women, Class and the State • New approaches to old problems often signal shifts in social beliefs

  13. Sentimental view of prostitution in early 19th century • Victim of seduction • In need of protection • Admission to magdalene homes • Served 2 purposes • Controlled sexual behaviour • Controlled vocational behaviour

  14. Change in social attitudes at mid 19th century • Prostitutes endangered morality of middle class men • Creation of new systems to deal with them

  15. Glasgow system • Interlocking system of repression • Communicable diseases acts • Magdalene homes • Lock hospitals • Police could arrest any woman suspected of prostitution

  16. Subjected to medical examination • If infected, to Lock hospital • If not, to magdalene home • Controversy over use of speculum • Resistance to CD acts by feminists

  17. 2. Lying-in Hospitals • Provided limited maternity services to working class women • Contributed to medicalization of childbirth

  18. 3. Infectious (fever, isolation) hospitals • Less popular • Less financial support from donors • No one wanted them in their neighbourhood

  19. Case example of Winnipeg & founding of the Municipal Hospitals

  20. Hospital Architecture • In early years, any building would do • Gradual emphasis on the role that architecture played in: • Health of patients • Moral development of patients

  21. Nightingale Development of pavilion hospitals St. Thomas Hospital, c. 1870 Design of Nightingale wards 2500 cu. ft. air/hr Width 30 ft. Beds on exterior walls

  22. Debates about hospital location • Nightingale favoured suburban or rural locations • Controversy re: re-location of St. Thomas Hospital

  23. Adams & Theodore. “Designing for ‘the little convalescents’: Children’s Hospitals in Toronto & Montreal.” Canadian Bulletin for the History of Medicine • Surroundings of hospital were completely at odds with normal living conditions of working class children & parents

  24. Designed to meet two conflicting sets of needs • Domestic ideals of middle class female supporters

  25. Scientific aspirations of organized medicine

  26. Hospitals as Social Systems • Types of patients • Sex • Occupations • Financial circumstances • Type of care • Length of stay

  27. Therapeutic regimes • Hospital routines • Moralizing strategies • Patients’ resistance

  28. Staffing • Nurses • Medical staff • Medical students • Impact on mortality

  29. Crisis & Change • Significant turmoil in voluntary hospitals in late 19th century • Erosion of absolute authority of hospital governors

  30. Financial • Linkages with other charities • Working class contributions • Advent of the paying patient • Power struggles between governors & medical profession

More Related