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Community Ecology

Community Ecology. BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson. An ecological community is all the populations of all species that inhabit a given area. Coniferous Trees. Many communities are dominated by only a few species.

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Community Ecology

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  1. Community Ecology BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

  2. An ecological community is all the populations of all species that inhabit a given area.

  3. Coniferous Trees • Many communities are dominated by only a few species. • The few species that are abundant in a given area are called ecological dominants.

  4. Tall Grasses in Prairies

  5. Biodiversity • Diversity of life at all levels of biological organization

  6. High biodiversity Low biodiversity Speciesdiversity many different species few species

  7. High biodiversity Low biodiversity Geographicdiversity narrow distribution of species broad distribution of species

  8. High biodiversity Low biodiversity Figure 34.3c  Genetic diversity Geneticdiversity high genetic diversitywithin population low genetic diversitywithin population

  9. Decreased Biodiversity • Habitat destruction • Pollution • Excessive • Hunting • Fishing • poaching

  10. Habitat Destruction • Our constant development causes destruction of natural ecosystems. 

  11. Rain Forest Destruction • 25% of our medicines come from plants • Only 1% of the plants in the rain forests have been studied

  12. Pollution • Industrial wastes damage aquatic life

  13. Mersey River • All fish died due to chemical pollution • A few species have returned recently

  14. Overfishing • Commercial fish catches are decreasing every year

  15. Poaching

  16. Poaching • White rhinos became extinct in Kenya • They have been reintroduced from other countries

  17. Habitat • Where an organism lives • Marine • Fresh water • Tree tops • Under ground • etc

  18. Niche • How an organism obtains food and resources to survive • “occupation” • Black rhino feeds on leaves and woody plants • White Rhino feed on grasses and herbs

  19. Community Interactions • competition • predation • symbiosis • parasitism • mutualism • commensalism

  20. Competitive Exclusion P aurelia P caudatum

  21. Resource Partitioning P aurelia P bursaria

  22. Competitive Exclusion

  23. Predator and Prey

  24. Snowshoe Rabbit and Lynx

  25. Snowshoe Rabbit and Lynx

  26. Predators Benefit Prey • Prevent overpopulation • Remove weak and sick from prey population

  27. MimicryMonarch and Viceroy Butterflies

  28. MimicryButterfly

  29. Camouflage

  30. Parasitism • Parasite benefits • Host harmed • May die

  31. Mutualism Both benefit

  32. Commensalism • Shark and Remora • Remora benefits

  33. Animal Societies

  34. Advantages of Group Living • Easier to detect predator • Easier to repel predator • Protect young • Easier to find food • Easier to find a mate

  35. Disadvantages of Group Living • More competition • More disease

  36. Dominance Hierarchy • Each member has a rank in the pack • Alpha—highest rank • Beta—second rank • Omega—lowest rank

  37. Dominance Hierarchy • Reduces conflict • Promotes social order

  38. The End

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