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DO NOW:

DO NOW:. What are the two divisions of the nervous system? What are the parts that make up the two divisions? Turn in your exam 2 if you have not done so yet (including the essay)!. The PNS and Endocrine System. AP Psychology Ms. Desgrosellier 10.19.2009. Objectives:.

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DO NOW:

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  1. DO NOW: • What are the two divisions of the nervous system? • What are the parts that make up the two divisions? • Turn in your exam 2 if you have not done so yet (including the essay)!

  2. The PNS and Endocrine System AP Psychology Ms. Desgrosellier 10.19.2009

  3. Objectives: • SWBAT identify the subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system, and describe their functions. • SWBAT contrast the simplicity of the reflex pathways with the complexity of neural networks. • SWBAT describe the nature and functions of the endocrine system and its interaction with the nervous system.

  4. The Peripheral Nervous System • Somatic nervous system: the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles; also known as the skeletal nervous system. • Voluntary control of your skeletal muscles

  5. The Peripheral Nervous System • Autonomic nervous system: the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs. • It can be consciously controlled, but it usually operates on its own. • e.g. heartbeat, digestion, etc.

  6. Autonomic Nervous System: Two Divisions • sympathetic nervous system: the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. • accelerates heart rate; raises blood pressure; slows digestion; raises blood sugar; causes you to sweat.

  7. Autonomic Nervous System: Two Divisions • parasympathetic nervous system: the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy. • slows heart rate; lowers blood pressure; etc. • See Figure 4.7

  8. Nervous System Tree • Form a group of 4 with the people sitting closest to you. • Assemble the Nervous System “tree” (like a family tree) moving from broad to specific (HINT: the Nervous System is the top box). • Raise your hands when you are finished!

  9. Nervous System Tree

  10. Nervous System Tree

  11. The Central Nervous System • What are the two parts?

  12. Spinal Cord • Connects the PNS to the brain. • Contains neural pathways that control our reflexes • reflex: a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response.

  13. Spinal Cord • Simple spinal reflex pathway is made up of a single sensory neuron and a single motor neuron (e.g. the knee-jerk response) • Similar to the pain reflex

  14. Hand-withdrawal reflex

  15. The Brain and Neural Networks • The brain receives information, interprets it, and decides responses (like a computer).

  16. The Brain and Neural Networks • neural networks: interconnected neural cells • With experience, networks can learn, as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain results. • Neurons network with nearby neurons with which they can have short, fast connections.

  17. The Brain and Neural Networks

  18. The Endocrine System • the body’s “slow” chemical communication system • a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream • “Slow” = several seconds or more to carry a hormone to its target tissue • However, their effects usually last longer than a neural message

  19. The Endocrine System • hormones: chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another. • They originate in one tissue, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues, including the brain. • Some hormones are chemically identical to neurotransmitters • They also influence many aspects of our lives – growth, reproduction, metabolism, mood, etc.

  20. The Endocrine System • Adrenal glands: a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. The adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress. • Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar, which causes a surge of energy. • Even when the emergency passes, the hormones and the feelings of excitement last a little longer

  21. The Endocrine System • Pituitary gland: the endocrine system’s most influential gland. Controlled by the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. • The master gland

  22. The Endocrine System

  23. Nervous & Endocrine Systems • The nervous and endocrine systems are closely related • brain  pituitary  other glands  hormones  brain • NTs and hormones can crossover in the body and the difference between the two isn’t so clear.

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