Objective: To analyze the causes of World War I.

1. Objective: To analyze the causes of World War I.

2. Causes of World War I - MANIA M A N I A ilitarism– policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war lliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country, promoting homeland’s culture/interests. mperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically ssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Short-Term Spark)

3. Causes of WWI -Alliances Triple Entente: Triple Alliance: Great Britain Germany Austria-Hungary France Russia Italy

4. Causes of WWI -Militarism Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of US Dollars

5. Causes of WWI -Nationalism

7. Causes of WWI -Nationalism Pan-Germanism - movement to unify the people of all German speaking countries Germanic Countries Austria* Belgium Denmark Iceland Germany* Liechtenstein* Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Sweden Switzerland* United Kingdom * = German speaking country

8. Causes of WWI -Nationalism Pan-Slavism - movement to unify all of the Slavic people

9. Imperialism: European conquest of Africa

10. Causes of WWI -Imperialism

11. The“Spark”

12. Causes of WWI -Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.

13. Causes of WWI -Assassination

14. Causes of WWI -Assassination Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.

15. Causes of WWI -Assassination Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

16. The Point of No Return:The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austro-Hungarian government blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia. Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.· example of Pan-German nationalism Russia pledged their support for Serbia.· example of Pan-Slavic nationalism

17. The Point of No Return:The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Germany declares war on Russia. France pledges their support for Russia. Germany declares war on France. Germany invades Belgium on the way to France. Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

18. Allied Powers: Central Powers: Germany Great Britain World War I France Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Russia Italy Italy later unites with the Allied Powers

19. The Fighting Begins: Trench Warfare in Europe Germany invades Belgium.

20. Trench Warfare • No Man’s Land • Millions died fighting for mere yards. • Battle of the Somme • 1.2 million casualties • Raged for 3 years

21. Trench Warfare Trench Warfare – type of fighting during World War I in which both sides dug trenches protected by mines and barbed wire Cross-section of a front-line trench 

23. British trench, France, July 1916 (during the Battle of the Somme)

24. Trench Rats Many men killed in the trenches were buried almost where they fell. These corpses, as well as the food scraps that littered the trenches, attracted rats. Quotes from soldiers fighting in the trenches: "The rats were huge. They were so big they would eat a wounded man if he couldn't defend himself." "I saw some rats running from under the dead men's greatcoats, enormous rats, fat with human flesh. My heart pounded as we edged towards one of the bodies. His helmet had rolled off. The man displayed a grimacing face, stripped of flesh; the skull bare, the eyes devoured and from the yawning mouth leapt a rat."

25. A photograph of a man suffering from trench foot.

26. American Involvement • Opposition to the war • Ties to nations from which they had emigrated • Pacifists • Sympathy for the Allies • Economic Ties • American Neutrality Ends • British Blockade • German U-Boat Response • Lusitania • Zimmermann Note

27. The United States Enters the War • Great Britain set up a naval blockade along German coast. • Prevented US ships from reaching Germany (affected trade) • Led to a German Famine • 750,000 Germans starved

28. German U-Boat Response • Germany responded to the British Blockade with a counter-blockade • All cargo headed for G.B. would be sunk • German Blockade was less deadly but was heavily exploited in the propaganda. · Americans were infuriated with the destruction of the Lusitania.

31. The United States Remained Neutral • Wilson ruled out military response to the U-Boat attack on the Lusitania • Germany agreed not to torpedo anymore liners • They did – Sussex • Germany wanted G.B. to lift the blockade • 1916 “He kept us out of the war.” • “Peace without victory” • Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare

32. Why Wilson declared war! Keep the world “safe for democracy” The zimmermann telegram

33. (above) Zimmermann Telegram as Received by the German Ambassador to Mexico, 01/19/1917 (right) decoded words

34. Zimmermann Telegram: Decoded Message

35. “Over There” by George M. Cohan ChorusOver there, over there,Send the word, send the word over there -That the Yanks are coming,The Yanks are coming,The drums rum-tummingEv'rywhere.So prepare, say a pray'r,Send the word, send the word to beware.We'll be over, we're coming over,And we won't come back till it's overOver there. Johnnie, get your gun,Get your gun, get your gun,Take it on the run,On the run, on the run.Hear them calling, you and me,Every son of liberty.Hurry right away,No delay, go today,Make your daddy gladTo have had such a lad.Tell your sweetheart not to pine,To be proud her boy's in line. (chorus sung twice)

36. Johnnie, get your gun,Get your gun, get your gun,Johnnie show the HunWho's a son of a gun.Hoist the flag and let her fly,Yankee Doodle do or die.Pack your little kit,Show your grit, do your bit.Yankee to the ranks,From the towns and the tanks.Make your mother proud of you,And the old Red, White and Blue. (chorus sung twice) ChorusOver there, over there,Send the word, send the word over there -That the Yanks are coming,The Yanks are coming,The drums rum-tummingEv'rywhere.So prepare, say a pray'r,Send the word, send the word to beware.We'll be over, we're coming over,And we won't come back till it's overOver there.

37. Military Mobilization American power tips the balance

38. American Military Mobilization • Selective Service Act • 10 million men registered • No riots • 3 million men were chosen by lottery

39. American Success in Combat • How does America get “OVER THERE” ? • Exempted shipyard workers from draft • US Government & Chamber of Commerce initiated a PR campaign for the shipyard industry. • Fabrication • Seized Private Ships

40. How was the German U-boat blockade broken? • The Goal of building the US Navy was to reduce shipping losses. • Convoy System • Page 564 • By early 1918 the U-boat threat diminished

41. How did US troops turn the tide in Europe? • Numbers, Freshness & Enthusiasm • General Pershing leads the AEF; less defense, more offense • Although Germans had succeeded in knocking out Germany the US troops arrived just in time. • Alvin York- From Conscientious objector to war hero (AEF)

42. Innovative Weapons & Mechanized Warfare • Poison Gas • 1st large scale use was in 1915 • Machine Guns • Firepower increased from several rounds per minute to 600 rounds per minute • Tanks • 1st developed by Brits • Used in formations to clear paths for the infantry • Airplane • Flimsy at first • Became more successful with the “interrupter”

43. Collapse of Germany • German Mutiny • The German War Machine & the Economy were too exhausted • War lasted 4 years • Involved 30 nations • 26 million dead • 20 million wounded • 10 million refugees • Cost 350 billion