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?????????????????????????. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????. ????????????????????????????????????????? . 1.???????????????????? (Morphological characteristics): ???????????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????2. ????????????????????? (Metabolic characteristics) : ???????????????????????????????????????? metabolism ???? ?????????? oxidation 22

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    1. ???????????????????????????????

    3. ????????????????????????????????????????? 1.???????????????????? (Morphological characteristics): ???????????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? 2. ????????????????????? (Metabolic characteristics) : ???????????????????????????????????????? metabolism ???? ?????????? oxidation ???????????/ ????????? ???????????????????????????????? 3. ????????????????????????? (Chemical composition) ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????

    4. 4. ??????????????????? (Ecological characteristics) : ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 5. ?????????????????? (Genetic Analysis) : ??????????????????? DNA 6. ????????????????? (Antigenic characteristics) : ???????????????????????????????????????????? 7. ?????????????????????? (Pathogenicity) 8. ????????????????????????? (Cultural characteristics) : ?????????????????????????????????????????????

    6. ??????????????????????????????????? Numerical Toxonomy Genetic relatedness : DNA homology Ribosomal RNA homology exoperiments and ribosomal RNA oligonucleotide cataloging

    7. Numerical Toxonomy ?????????????? ??? bacteria ?????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????

    8. ?????????? % ???????????????? (% similarity, % S) % S= NS/NS+ND NS= ??????????????????????? (???????????????????) ND= ?????????????????????

    9. Genetic relatedness

    10. ?????????????????????????? DNA ????????????????????????

    11. Genetic relatedness DNA homology DNA ????????????????????????????????????????????????? DNA ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????? DNA ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    12. DNA hybridization

    13. Genetic relatedness Ribosomal RNA homology experiments and ribosomal RNA oligonucleotide cataloging ?????????????????????????????????? rRNA ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? DNA ??????????? ?????????????????????? rRNA ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    14. ???????????????????????? (Bacterial Nomenclature) 1. Nomenclature Binomial system Two words First Word - Genus Second Word - Describes Species

    18. ?????????????????????????? 1. Early Classification Systems Carolus Linnaeus—1750s Two Kingdom System Plant Animal

    27. Bacterial taxonomy Bergey‘s Manual Criteria for identification and classification Metabolic Energy Yielding Processes - Fermentation Energy Utilizing Processes - Nutrient transport Motility Enzymes

    30. ??????????????????????????????????

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